2003 AIME II 第 11 题

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11.

三角形 ABCABC 是直角三角形,AC=7AC = 7BC=24BC = 24,且直角在 CC 点。MMAB\overline{AB} 的中点,点 DDCC 位于直线 ABAB 的同侧,并满足 AD=BD=15AD = BD = 15。已知 CDM\triangle CDM 的面积可表示为 mnp\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{p},其中 mmnnpp 是正整数,mmpp 互质,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p

Triangle ABCABC is a right triangle with AC=7,AC = 7, BC=24,BC = 24, and right angle at C.C. Point MM is the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, and DD is on the same side of line ABAB as CC so that AD=BD=15.AD = BD = 15. Given that the area of CDM\triangle CDM can be expressed as mnp,\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{p}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, mm and pp are relatively prime, and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime, find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:578
知识点:中线(几何)余弦定理三角形面积
难度评级:2840
解答:

斜边为 AB=72+242=25AB = \sqrt{7^2 + 24^2} = 25, 斜边上的中线给出 CM=252CM = \frac{25}{2}。 因为 AD=BDAD = BDDDABAB 的垂直平分线上,所以 DMABDM \perp AB,并且 MMDM=152(252)2=2754=5112. \begin{aligned} DM &= \sqrt{15^2 - \left(\tfrac{25}{2}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{\tfrac{275}{4}} = \tfrac{5\sqrt{11}}{2}. \end{aligned}

β=AMC\beta = \angle AMC。 在三角形 AMCAMC 中,AM=CM=252AM = CM = \frac{25}{2}AC=7AC = 7, 由余弦定理得到 cosβ=(252)2+(252)2722252252=527625. \begin{aligned} \cos\beta &= \frac{\left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 - 7^2} {2 \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2}} \\ &= \frac{527}{625}. \end{aligned} 由于 CCDDABAB 的同侧,且 MDABMD \perp AB, 我们有 CMD=90β\angle CMD = 90^\circ - \beta, 所以 sinCMD=cosβ\sin\angle CMD = \cos\beta

因此 [CDM]=122525112527625=5271140, \begin{aligned} [CDM] &= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{5\sqrt{11}}{2} \cdot \frac{527}{625} \\ &= \frac{527\sqrt{11}}{40}, \end{aligned} 所以 m+n+p=527+11+40m + n + p = 527 + 11 + 40 =578= 578

The hypotenuse is AB=72+242=25,AB = \sqrt{7^2 + 24^2} = 25, and the median to the hypotenuse gives CM=252.CM = \frac{25}{2}. Since AD=BD,AD = BD, point DD lies on the perpendicular to ABAB at M,M, so DMABDM \perp AB and DM=152(252)2=2754=5112. \begin{aligned} DM &= \sqrt{15^2 - \left(\tfrac{25}{2}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{\tfrac{275}{4}} = \tfrac{5\sqrt{11}}{2}. \end{aligned}

Let β=AMC.\beta = \angle AMC. In triangle AMCAMC with AM=CM=252AM = CM = \frac{25}{2} and AC=7,AC = 7, the law of cosines gives cosβ=(252)2+(252)2722252252=527625. \begin{aligned} \cos\beta &= \frac{\left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{25}{2}\right)^2 - 7^2} {2 \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2}} \\ &= \frac{527}{625}. \end{aligned} Since CC and DD are on the same side of ABAB and MDAB,MD \perp AB, we have CMD=90β,\angle CMD = 90^\circ - \beta, so sinCMD=cosβ.\sin\angle CMD = \cos\beta.

Therefore [CDM]=122525112527625=5271140, \begin{aligned} [CDM] &= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{25}{2} \cdot \frac{5\sqrt{11}}{2} \cdot \frac{527}{625} \\ &= \frac{527\sqrt{11}}{40}, \end{aligned} and m+n+p=527+11+40m + n + p = 527 + 11 + 40 =578.= 578.

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