2001 AIME I 第 14 题

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14.

一名邮递员给榆树街东侧的十九户人家送信。邮递员注意到,同一天没有相邻的两户同时收到信,但同一天也从不会有 连续超过两户没有收到信。共有多少种不同的送信模式?

A mail carrier delivers mail to the nineteen houses on the east side of Elm Street. The carrier notices that no two adjacent houses ever get mail on the same day, but that there are never more than two houses in a row that get no mail on the same day. How many different patterns of mail delivery are possible?

答案:351
知识点:递推计数有限制的排列
难度评级:2760
解答:

11 表示某户收到信,00 表示没有收到信。有效模式是长度为 1919 的二元串,其中没有连续两个 11,也没有连续三个 00。令 AnA_nBnB_nCnC_n 分别表示长度为 nn 的有效串中,以 11 结尾、恰好以一个 00 结尾、恰好以两个 00 结尾的数量。一个 11 可以接在任一种以 00 结尾的串后,一个单独的 00 可以接在 11 后,第二个 00 可以接在一个 00 后: An=Bn1+Cn1,Bn=An1,Cn=Bn1. \begin{aligned} A_n &= B_{n-1} + C_{n-1}, \\ B_n &= A_{n-1}, \\ C_n &= B_{n-1}. \end{aligned}

A1=B1=1A_1 = B_1 = 1C1=0C_1 = 0 开始迭代,总数 An+Bn+CnA_n + B_n + C_n 依次为 22334455779912121616212128283737494965658686114114151151200200265265351351

n=19n = 19 时,数量为 351351

Write 11 for a house that gets mail and 00 for one that does not. Valid patterns are binary strings of length 1919 with no two consecutive 11s and no three consecutive 00s. Let An,A_n, Bn,B_n, CnC_n count valid length-nn strings ending in 1,1, in exactly one 0,0, and in exactly two 00s. A 11 may follow either kind of 00-ending, a single 00 may follow a 1,1, and a second 00 may follow a single 0:0: An=Bn1+Cn1,Bn=An1,Cn=Bn1. \begin{aligned} A_n &= B_{n-1} + C_{n-1}, \\ B_n &= A_{n-1}, \\ C_n &= B_{n-1}. \end{aligned}

Starting from A1=B1=1,A_1 = B_1 = 1, C1=0C_1 = 0 and iterating, the totals An+Bn+CnA_n + B_n + C_n run 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, 7,7, 9,9, 12,12, 16,16, 21,21, 28,28, 37,37, 49,49, 65,65, 86,86, 114,114, 151,151, 200,200, 265,265, 351.351.

For n=19n = 19 the count is 351.351.

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