2025 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

A1A2A11A_1A_2 \ldots A_{11} 为一个非凸简单 1111 边形,满足以下性质:

• 对每个整数 2i102 \le i \le 10AiA1Ai+1\triangle A_iA_1A_{i+1} 的面积为 11

• 对每个整数 2i102 \le i \le 10cos(AiA1Ai+1)=1213\cos(\angle A_iA_1A_{i+1}) = \frac{12}{13}

1111 边形 A1A2A11A_1A_2 \ldots A_{11} 的周长等于 2020

那么 A1A2+A1A11A_1A_2 + A_1A_{11} 可表示为 mnpq\frac{m\sqrt{n} - p}{q},其中 mmnnpp, 和 qq 是正整数,nn 不被任何质数的平方整除,且没有质数同时整除 mmpp, 和 qq。求 m+n+p+qm + n + p + q

Let A1A2A11A_1A_2 \ldots A_{11} be an 1111-sided non-convex simple polygon with the following properties:

• For every integer 2i10,2 \le i \le 10, the area of AiA1Ai+1\triangle A_iA_1A_{i+1} is 1.1.

• For every integer 2i10,2 \le i \le 10, cos(AiA1Ai+1)=1213.\cos(\angle A_iA_1A_{i+1}) = \frac{12}{13}.

• The perimeter of the 1111-gon A1A2A11A_1A_2 \ldots A_{11} is equal to 20.20.

Then A1A2+A1A11A_1A_2 + A_1A_{11} can be expressed as mnpq\frac{m\sqrt{n} - p}{q} where m,m, n,n, p,p, and qq are positive integers, nn is not divisible by the square of any prime, and no prime divides all of m,m, p,p, and q.q. Find m+n+p+q.m + n + p + q.

答案:19
知识点:余弦定理三角形面积二次方程找规律
难度评级:3160
解答:

ri=A1Air_i = A_1A_i,其中 2i112 \le i \le 11,并令公共角为 θ\theta,满足 cosθ=1213\cos\theta = \frac{12}{13}sinθ=513\sin\theta = \frac{5}{13}。每个面积条件说明 12riri+1513=1\frac{1}{2} r_i r_{i+1} \cdot \frac{5}{13} = 1,所以对 i=2,,10i = 2, \ldots, 10riri+1=265r_i r_{i+1} = \frac{26}{5}。连续乘积相等迫使 rir_i 在两个值之间交替:设 a=r2=r4=a = r_2 = r_4 = \cdotsb=r3=r5=b = r_3 = r_5 = \cdots,且 ab=265ab = \frac{26}{5};特别地,r11=br_{11} = b

由余弦定理,每条 2i102 \le i \le 10 的边 AiAi+1A_iA_{i+1} 都有相同长度 ss,其中 令 u=a+bu = a + b 周长条件为 9u220+u=209\sqrt{u^2 - 20} + u = 20。平方 9u220=20u9\sqrt{u^2 - 20} = 20 - u,得到 81u21620=40040u+u281u^2 - 1620 = 400 - 40u + u^2,化简为 4u2+2u101=04u^2 + 2u - 101 = 0,所以 u=1+954u = \frac{-1 + 9\sqrt{5}}{4}(正根;且 20u>020 - u \gt 0 符合要求)。 s2=a2+b22ab1213=(a+b)22ab485=(a+b)220. \begin{gathered} s^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab \cdot \tfrac{12}{13} \\ = (a + b)^2 - 2ab - \tfrac{48}{5} \\ = (a+b)^2 - 20. \end{gathered}

因此 A1A2+A1A11=a+bA_1A_2 + A_1A_{11} = a + b =9514= \frac{9\sqrt{5} - 1}{4},其中 55 无平方因子,且没有质数 同时整除 9911, 和 44。答案为 9+5+1+4=199 + 5 + 1 + 4 = 19

Let ri=A1Air_i = A_1A_i for 2i11,2 \le i \le 11, and let θ\theta be the common angle, with cosθ=1213\cos\theta = \frac{12}{13} and sinθ=513.\sin\theta = \frac{5}{13}. Each area condition says 12riri+1513=1,\frac{1}{2} r_i r_{i+1} \cdot \frac{5}{13} = 1, so riri+1=265r_i r_{i+1} = \frac{26}{5} for i=2,,10.i = 2, \ldots, 10. Consecutive products being equal forces the rir_i to alternate between two values a=r2=r4=a = r_2 = r_4 = \cdots and b=r3=r5=,b = r_3 = r_5 = \cdots, with ab=265;ab = \frac{26}{5}; in particular r11=b.r_{11} = b.

By the law of cosines, every side AiAi+1A_iA_{i+1} with 2i102 \le i \le 10 has the same length s,s, where s2=a2+b22ab1213=(a+b)22ab485=(a+b)220. \begin{gathered} s^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab \cdot \tfrac{12}{13} \\ = (a + b)^2 - 2ab - \tfrac{48}{5} \\ = (a+b)^2 - 20. \end{gathered} Writing u=a+b,u = a + b, the perimeter condition is 9u220+u=20.9\sqrt{u^2 - 20} + u = 20. Squaring 9u220=20u9\sqrt{u^2 - 20} = 20 - u gives 81u21620=40040u+u2,81u^2 - 1620 = 400 - 40u + u^2, which simplifies to 4u2+2u101=0,4u^2 + 2u - 101 = 0, so u=1+954u = \frac{-1 + 9\sqrt{5}}{4} (the positive root; then 20u>020 - u \gt 0 as required).

Thus A1A2+A1A11=a+bA_1A_2 + A_1A_{11} = a + b =9514,= \frac{9\sqrt{5} - 1}{4}, with 55 squarefree and no prime dividing all of 9,9, 1,1, 4.4. The answer is 9+5+1+4=19.9 + 5 + 1 + 4 = 19.

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