2024 AIME I 第 14 题

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14.

ABCDABCD 是一个四面体,满足 AB=CD=41AB = CD = \sqrt{41}AC=BD=80AC = BD = \sqrt{80},以及 BC=AD=89BC = AD = \sqrt{89}。四面体内部存在一点 II,使得 II 到四个面的距离都相等。 这个距离可写成 mnp\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{p} 的形式,其中 mmnnpp 是正整数, mmpp 互质,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p

Let ABCDABCD be a tetrahedron such that AB=CD=41,AB = CD = \sqrt{41}, AC=BD=80,AC = BD = \sqrt{80}, and BC=AD=89.BC = AD = \sqrt{89}. There exists a point II inside the tetrahedron such that the distances from II to each of the faces of the tetrahedron are all equal. This distance can be written in the form mnp,\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{p}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, mm and pp are relatively prime, and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:104
知识点:立体几何体积海伦公式
难度评级:3270
解答:

相对棱相等的四面体可以嵌入一个长方体中,六条棱成为长方体面上的对角线。若长方体尺寸为 a×b×ca \times b \times c,则 a2+b2=41a^2 + b^2 = 41a2+c2=80a^2 + c^2 = 80、且 b2+c2=89b^2 + c^2 = 89。相加得 a2+b2+c2=105a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 105,所以 (a,b,c)=(4,5,8)(a, b, c) = (4, 5, 8)。从长方体中去掉四个体积为 abc6\frac{abc}{6} 的角上四面体, 剩下的体积为 V=abc4abc6=abc3=1603. \begin{aligned} &V = abc - 4 \cdot \frac{abc}{6} \\ &= \frac{abc}{3} = \frac{160}{3}. \end{aligned}

四个面都是边长为 41\sqrt{41}80\sqrt{80}89\sqrt{89} 的全等三角形。用 Heron 公式的形式 16F2=2(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)16F^2 = 2(a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2) (a4+b4+c4)- (a^4 + b^4 + c^4),并代入边长平方 41,80,8941, 80, 89,得到 16F2=2809816002=1209616F^2 = 28098 - 16002 = 12096,所以 F=756=621F = \sqrt{756} = 6\sqrt{21}

到四个面距离相等的点是内切球球心,将四面体分解为四个以各面为底的棱锥,得到 V=13r4FV = \frac{1}{3} r \cdot 4F。因此 r=3V4F=1602421=20321=202163, \begin{aligned} &r = \frac{3V}{4F} = \frac{160}{24\sqrt{21}} \\ &= \frac{20}{3\sqrt{21}} = \frac{20\sqrt{21}}{63}, \end{aligned} 所以 m+n+p=20+21+63m + n + p = 20 + 21 + 63 =104= 104

A tetrahedron with equal opposite edges embeds in a rectangular box with the six edges as face diagonals. If the box has dimensions a×b×c,a \times b \times c, then a2+b2=41,a^2 + b^2 = 41, a2+c2=80,a^2 + c^2 = 80, and b2+c2=89.b^2 + c^2 = 89. Adding gives a2+b2+c2=105,a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 105, so (a,b,c)=(4,5,8).(a, b, c) = (4, 5, 8). The box minus four corner tetrahedra of volume abc6\frac{abc}{6} each leaves V=abc4abc6=abc3=1603. \begin{aligned} &V = abc - 4 \cdot \frac{abc}{6} \\ &= \frac{abc}{3} = \frac{160}{3}. \end{aligned}

All four faces are congruent triangles with sides 41,\sqrt{41}, 80,\sqrt{80}, 89.\sqrt{89}. By Heron's formula in the form 16F2=2(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)16F^2 = 2(a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2) (a4+b4+c4)- (a^4 + b^4 + c^4) applied to the squared sides 41,80,89,41, 80, 89, we get 16F2=2809816002=12096,16F^2 = 28098 - 16002 = 12096, so F=756=621.F = \sqrt{756} = 6\sqrt{21}.

The point equidistant from all four faces is the insphere center, and decomposing the tetrahedron into four pyramids over the faces gives V=13r4F.V = \frac{1}{3} r \cdot 4F. Hence r=3V4F=1602421=20321=202163, \begin{aligned} &r = \frac{3V}{4F} = \frac{160}{24\sqrt{21}} \\ &= \frac{20}{3\sqrt{21}} = \frac{20\sqrt{21}}{63}, \end{aligned} and m+n+p=20+21+63m + n + p = 20 + 21 + 63 =104.= 104.

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