2013 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

存在非零整数 aabbrrss,使复数 r+sir + si 是多项式 P(x)=x3ax2+bx65P(x) = x^3 - ax^2 + bx - 65 的一个零点。对每一种可能的 aabb 的组合,令 pa,bp_{a,b}P(x)P(x) 的所有零点之和。求所有可能的 aabb 组合对应的 pa,bp_{a,b} 之和。

There are nonzero integers a,a, b,b, r,r, and ss such that the complex number r+sir + si is a zero of the polynomial P(x)=x3ax2+bx65.P(x) = x^3 - ax^2 + bx - 65. For each possible combination of aa and b,b, let pa,bp_{a,b} be the sum of the zeros of P(x).P(x). Find the sum of the pa,bp_{a,b}'s for all possible combinations of aa and b.b.

答案:80
知识点:多项式复数韦达定理
难度评级:2710
解答:

因为 PP 的系数为实数,rsir - si 也是一个零点,第三个零点 qq 为实数。零点之和为 q+2r=a,q + 2r = a,所以 q=a2rq = a - 2r 是非零整数。零点之积为 q(r2+s2)=65,q(r^2 + s^2) = 65,所以 r2+s2r^2 + s^265.65. 的因数。由于 r,sr, s 都非零,可能情况为 r2+s2=5=12+22r^2 + s^2 = 5 = 1^2 + 2^2(此时 q=13q = 13)、13=22+3213 = 2^2 + 3^2(此时 q=5q = 5),以及 65=12+82=42+7265 = 1^2 + 8^2 = 4^2 + 7^2(此时 q=1q = 1)。

对于每一种表示 {u,v},\{u, v\},零点 r+sir + si 可以有 r=±ur = \pm u±v,\pm v,给出 44 个不同多项式(ss 的符号不影响多项式)。零点之和为 pa,b=q+2r,p_{a,b} = q + 2r,四种选择中的 2r2r 项相互抵消,每种表示留下 4q4q

总和为 413+45+41+41=80.4 \cdot 13 + 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 1 + 4 \cdot 1 = 80.

Since PP has real coefficients, rsir - si is also a zero, and the third zero qq is real. The sum of the zeros is q+2r=a,q + 2r = a, so q=a2rq = a - 2r is a nonzero integer. Their product is q(r2+s2)=65,q(r^2 + s^2) = 65, so r2+s2r^2 + s^2 is a factor of 65.65. With r,sr, s nonzero, the possibilities are r2+s2=5=12+22r^2 + s^2 = 5 = 1^2 + 2^2 (with q=13q = 13), 13=22+3213 = 2^2 + 3^2 (with q=5q = 5), and 65=12+82=42+7265 = 1^2 + 8^2 = 4^2 + 7^2 (with q=1q = 1).

For each representation {u,v},\{u, v\}, the zero r+sir + si can have r=±ur = \pm u or ±v,\pm v, giving 44 distinct polynomials (the sign of ss changes nothing). The sum of the zeros is pa,b=q+2r,p_{a,b} = q + 2r, and over the four choices the 2r2r terms cancel, leaving 4q4q from each representation.

The total is 413+45+41+41=80.4 \cdot 13 + 4 \cdot 5 + 4 \cdot 1 + 4 \cdot 1 = 80.

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