2009 AIME I 第 12 题

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12.

在以 AB\overline{AB} 为斜边的直角 ABC\triangle ABC 中,AC=12AC = 12BC=35BC = 35,且 CD\overline{CD} 是到 AB\overline{AB} 的高。令 ω\omega 为以 CD\overline{CD} 为直径的圆。令 IIABC\triangle ABC 外的一点,使得 AI\overline{AI}BI\overline{BI} 都与圆 ω\omega 相切。ABI\triangle ABI 的周长与 ABAB 的长度之比可写成 mn\frac{m}{n} 的形式,其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

In right ABC\triangle ABC with hypotenuse AB,\overline{AB}, AC=12,AC = 12, BC=35,BC = 35, and CD\overline{CD} is the altitude to AB.\overline{AB}. Let ω\omega be the circle having CD\overline{CD} as a diameter. Let II be a point outside ABC\triangle ABC such that AI\overline{AI} and BI\overline{BI} are both tangent to circle ω.\omega. The ratio of the perimeter of ABI\triangle ABI to the length ABAB can be expressed in the form mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:11
知识点:内切圆、内心与内切圆半径切线海伦公式
难度评级:2990
解答:

因为 CDAB\overline{CD} \perp \overline{AB},且 DD 是直径的一个端点,所以 ABABDD 处与 ω\omega 相切。再加上切线 AIAIBIBIω\omega 就是三角形 ABIABI 的内切圆。写 AD=yAD = yBD=zBD = z,并令 xx 为从 II 引出的切线长。直角三角形高的性质给出 CD2=ADBDCD^2 = AD \cdot BD,所以 ABIABI 的内切圆半径为 r=12yzr = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{yz}

半周长 s=x+y+zs = x + y + z,切线长分别为 sAB=xs - AB = xsBI=ys - BI = ysAI=zs - AI = z,因此 ABIABI 的面积既等于 rsrs,也由海伦公式等于 sxyz\sqrt{s \cdot xyz}。两者相等并平方, s2yz4=sxyz,\frac{s^2\,yz}{4} = s\,xyz, 所以 s=4x,s = 4x, 进而 AB=y+z=sx=3xAB = y + z = s - x = 3x

周长为 2s=8x2s = 8x, 所以它与 ABAB 的比为 8x3x=83\frac{8x}{3x} = \frac{8}{3} (与给定直角边无关),于是 m+n=8+3=11m + n = 8 + 3 = 11

Because CDAB\overline{CD} \perp \overline{AB} and DD is an endpoint of the diameter, ABAB is tangent to ω\omega at D.D. Together with the tangent lines AIAI and BI,BI, this makes ω\omega the inscribed circle of triangle ABI.ABI. Write AD=y,AD = y, BD=z,BD = z, and let xx be the tangent length from I.I. The right-triangle altitude satisfies CD2=ADBD,CD^2 = AD \cdot BD, so the inradius of ABIABI is r=12yz.r = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{yz}.

With semiperimeter s=x+y+z,s = x + y + z, the tangent lengths are exactly sAB=x,s - AB = x, sBI=y,s - BI = y, and sAI=z,s - AI = z, so the area of ABIABI equals both rsrs and, by Heron's formula, sxyz.\sqrt{s \cdot xyz}. Equating and squaring, s2yz4=sxyz,\frac{s^2\,yz}{4} = s\,xyz, so s=4x,s = 4x, which gives AB=y+z=sx=3x.AB = y + z = s - x = 3x.

The perimeter is 2s=8x,2s = 8x, so its ratio to ABAB is 8x3x=83\frac{8x}{3x} = \frac{8}{3} (independent of the given legs), and m+n=8+3=11.m + n = 8 + 3 = 11.

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