2005 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的中心为 OOAB=900AB = 900。点 EEFFAB\overline{AB} 上,且 AE<BFAE \lt BFEEAAFF 之间,mEOF=45m\angle EOF = 45^\circ,并且 EF=400EF = 400。已知 BF=p+qrBF = p + q\sqrt{r},其中 ppqqrr 是正整数,且 rr 不被任何质数的平方整除,求 p+q+rp + q + r

Square ABCDABCD has center O,O, AB=900,AB = 900, EE and FF are on AB\overline{AB} with AE<BFAE \lt BF and EE between AA and F,F, mEOF=45,m\angle EOF = 45^\circ, and EF=400.EF = 400. Given that BF=p+qr,BF = p + q\sqrt{r}, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive integers and rr is not divisible by the square of any prime, find p+q+r.p + q + r.

答案:307
知识点:三角恒等式韦达定理正方形(几何)
难度评级:3060
解答:

GGAB\overline{AB} 的中点,则 OGABOG \perp ABOG=450OG = 450。 设 α=EOG\alpha = \angle EOGβ=FOG\beta = \angle FOG,它们位于射线 OGOG 的两侧,则 EG=450tanαEG = 450\tan\alphaFG=450tanβFG = 450\tan\beta, 且 α+β=45\alpha + \beta = 45^\circ。 由 EG+FG=EF=400EG + FG = EF = 400, 得 tanα+tanβ=89\tan\alpha + \tan\beta = \frac{8}{9}

正切加法公式给出 1=tan45=tanα+tanβ1tanαtanβ,1 = \tan 45^\circ = \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\tan\beta}, 所以 tanαtanβ=189=19\tan\alpha\tan\beta = 1 - \frac{8}{9} = \frac{1}{9}。 因此 tanα\tan\alphatanβ\tan\beta9t28t+1=09t^2 - 8t + 1 = 0 的根,即 4±79\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{7}}{9}

由于 AE=450EGAE = 450 - EGBF=450FGBF = 450 - FG, 条件 AE<BFAE \lt BF 意味着 EG>FGEG \gt FG, 因此 tanβ=479\tan\beta = \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9}。 于是 BF=450450479BF = 450 - 450 \cdot \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9} =250+507= 250 + 50\sqrt{7}, 且 p+q+r=250+50+7=307p + q + r = 250 + 50 + 7 = 307

Let GG be the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, so OGABOG \perp AB and OG=450.OG = 450. With α=EOG\alpha = \angle EOG and β=FOG\beta = \angle FOG on either side of ray OG,OG, we have EG=450tanα,EG = 450\tan\alpha, FG=450tanβ,FG = 450\tan\beta, and α+β=45.\alpha + \beta = 45^\circ. From EG+FG=EF=400,EG + FG = EF = 400, we get tanα+tanβ=89.\tan\alpha + \tan\beta = \frac{8}{9}.

The tangent addition formula gives 1=tan45=tanα+tanβ1tanαtanβ,1 = \tan 45^\circ = \frac{\tan\alpha + \tan\beta}{1 - \tan\alpha\tan\beta}, so tanαtanβ=189=19.\tan\alpha\tan\beta = 1 - \frac{8}{9} = \frac{1}{9}. Hence tanα\tan\alpha and tanβ\tan\beta are the roots of 9t28t+1=0,9t^2 - 8t + 1 = 0, namely 4±79.\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{7}}{9}.

Since AE=450EGAE = 450 - EG and BF=450FG,BF = 450 - FG, the condition AE<BFAE \lt BF means EG>FG,EG \gt FG, so tanβ=479.\tan\beta = \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9}. Then BF=450450479BF = 450 - 450 \cdot \frac{4 - \sqrt{7}}{9} =250+507,= 250 + 50\sqrt{7}, and p+q+r=250+50+7=307.p + q + r = 250 + 50 + 7 = 307.

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