2000 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

AABBCC 位于以 OO 为球心、半径为 2020 的球面上。已知 AB=13AB = 13BC=14BC = 14CA=15CA = 15,且 OO 到三角形 ABCABC 的距离为 mnk\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{k},其中 mmnnkk 是正整数,mmkk 互质,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+km + n + k

The points A,A, B,B, and CC lie on the surface of a sphere with center OO and radius 20.20. It is given that AB=13,AB = 13, BC=14,BC = 14, CA=15,CA = 15, and that the distance from OO to triangle ABCABC is mnk,\frac{m\sqrt{n}}{k}, where m,m, n,n, and kk are positive integers, mm and kk are relatively prime, and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+k.m + n + k.

答案:118
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径海伦公式勾股定理
难度评级:2560
解答:

OOABCABC 所在平面的垂足到 A,A, B,B,CC 等距(连接垂足与三个顶点的斜线段都长为 2020),所以它是三角形 ABC.ABC. 的外心。因为 152<132+142,15^2\lt13^2+14^2,这个三角形是锐角三角形,外心位于其内部,所以这条垂线的长度也是 OO 到三角形本身的距离。

由海伦公式,取 s=21,s = 21,面积为 K=21876=84,K = \sqrt{21 \cdot 8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6} = 84,所以外接圆半径为 R=abc4K=131415336=658.R = \frac{abc}{4K} = \frac{13 \cdot 14 \cdot 15}{336} = \frac{65}{8}. OO 到平面的距离为 202(658)2=25600422564=213758=15958. \begin{aligned} \small \sqrt{20^2 - \left(\tfrac{65}{8}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{\frac{25600 - 4225}{64}} \\ &= \frac{\sqrt{21375}}{8} \\ &= \frac{15\sqrt{95}}{8}. \end{aligned}

这里 gcd(15,8)=1\gcd(15, 8) = 1,且 95=51995 = 5 \cdot 19 没有平方因子,所以 m+n+k=15+95+8=118.m + n + k = 15 + 95 + 8 = 118.

The foot of the perpendicular from OO to the plane of ABCABC is equidistant from A,A, B,B, and CC (the slant segments to the vertices all have length 2020), so it is the circumcenter of triangle ABC.ABC. Since 152<132+142,15^2\lt13^2+14^2, the triangle is acute and its circumcenter lies inside it, so this perpendicular length is also the distance from OO to the triangle itself.

By Heron's formula with s=21,s = 21, the area is K=21876=84,K = \sqrt{21 \cdot 8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6} = 84, so the circumradius is R=abc4K=131415336=658.R = \frac{abc}{4K} = \frac{13 \cdot 14 \cdot 15}{336} = \frac{65}{8}. The distance from OO to the plane is 202(658)2=25600422564=213758=15958. \begin{aligned} \small \sqrt{20^2 - \left(\tfrac{65}{8}\right)^2} \\ &= \sqrt{\frac{25600 - 4225}{64}} \\ &= \frac{\sqrt{21375}}{8} \\ &= \frac{15\sqrt{95}}{8}. \end{aligned}

Here gcd(15,8)=1\gcd(15, 8) = 1 and 95=51995 = 5 \cdot 19 is squarefree, so m+n+k=15+95+8=118.m + n + k = 15 + 95 + 8 = 118.

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