1975 AMC 12 真题

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1.

下列表达式 12121212 \frac{1}{2-\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{1}{2-\frac12}}} 的值是

The value of 12121212 \frac{1}{2-\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{1}{2-\frac12}}} is

34\frac34

45\frac45

56\frac56

67\frac67

65\frac65

答案:B
知识点:分数运算顺序
难度评级:1280
小提示:

从最内层开始,逐层计算这个连分式的分母

Evaluate the nested denominator from the inside outward

大提示:

由内向外的三个分母依次为 32,43\frac32,\frac4354\frac54

The three successive inner values are 32,43,\frac32,\frac43, and 54\frac54

解答:

由内向外计算,212=32,2132=43,2143=54 \begin{aligned} 2-\frac12&=\frac32,\\ 2-\frac1{\frac{3}{2}}&=\frac43,\\ 2-\frac1{\frac{4}{3}}&=\frac54\text{。} \end{aligned} 因此所求值为 154=45\frac{1}{\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{4}{5}

因此,正确答案是 B

Working outward, 212=32,2132=43,2143=54. \begin{aligned} 2-\frac12&=\frac32,\\ 2-\frac1{\frac{3}{2}}&=\frac43,\\ 2-\frac1{\frac{4}{3}}&=\frac54. \end{aligned} The given value is therefore 154=45.\frac{1}{\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{4}{5}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

2.

对于哪些实数 mm,联立方程 y=mx+3,y=(2m1)x+4 \begin{aligned} y&=mx+3,\\ y&=(2m-1)x+4 \end{aligned} 至少有一组实数解 (x,y)(x,y)

For which real values of mm are the simultaneous equations y=mx+3,y=(2m1)x+4 \begin{aligned} y&=mx+3,\\ y&=(2m-1)x+4 \end{aligned} satisfied by at least one pair of real numbers (x,y)?(x,y)?

所有 mm

all mm

所有 m0m\ne0

all m0m\ne0

所有 m12m\ne\frac12

all m12m\ne\frac12

所有 m1m\ne1

all m1m\ne1

不存在这样的 mm

no values of mm

答案:D
难度评级:1380
小提示:

两条非竖直直线仅在平行且不重合时没有交点

Two nonvertical lines fail to meet only when they are parallel and distinct

大提示:

令两条直线的斜率 mm2m12m-1 相等

Set the slopes mm and 2m12m-1 equal

解答:

两直线只有在 m=2m1m=2m-1 时才可能不相交,由此得 m=1m=1。它们在 yy 轴上的截距分别为 3344,所以此时是两条不重合的平行直线。其余每个 mm 都对应一个交点。

因此,正确答案是 D

The lines fail to intersect only if m=2m1,m=2m-1, which gives m=1.m=1. Their yy-intercepts are 33 and 4,4, so at that value they are distinct parallel lines. Every other mm gives one intersection.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3.

对于所有实数 aabbccxxyyzz,若它们满足 x<ax\lt ay<by\lt bz<cz\lt c,则下列哪些不等式恒成立?

I. xy+yz+zx<ab+bc+caxy+yz+zx\lt ab+bc+ca

II. x2+y2+z2<a2+b2+c2x^2+y^2+z^2\lt a^2+b^2+c^2

III. xyz<abcxyz\lt abc

Which of the following inequalities are satisfied for all real numbers a,a, b,b, c,c, x,x, y,y, zz which satisfy x<a,x\lt a, y<b,y\lt b, and z<c?z\lt c?

I. xy+yz+zx<ab+bc+caxy+yz+zx\lt ab+bc+ca

II. x2+y2+z2<a2+b2+c2x^2+y^2+z^2\lt a^2+b^2+c^2

III. xyz<abcxyz\lt abc

没有一个恒成立。

None are satisfied.

只有 I\mathrm{I}

I\mathrm{I} only

只有 II\mathrm{II}

II\mathrm{II} only

只有 III\mathrm{III}

III\mathrm{III} only

全部恒成立。

All are satisfied.

答案:A
知识点:不等式反例
难度评级:1710
小提示:

变量均为实数,因此一个数增大时,它的平方或与其他数的乘积不一定增大

The variables are real, so increasing a number need not increase its square or its products

大提示:

尝试取 a=b=1, c=1a=b=1,\ c=-1x=y=0, z=10x=y=0,\ z=-10

Try a=b=1, c=1,a=b=1,\ c=-1, x=y=0, z=10x=y=0,\ z=-10

解答:

a=b=1, c=1a=b=1,\ c=-1x=y=0, z=10x=y=0,\ z=-10。题设的三个不等式均满足。但是 I 变为 0<10\lt-1,II 变为 100<3100\lt3,III 变为 0<10\lt-1,全都不成立。因此没有一个不等式恒成立。

因此,正确答案是 A

Take a=b=1, c=1,a=b=1,\ c=-1, and x=y=0, z=10.x=y=0,\ z=-10. The required three coordinate inequalities hold. But I becomes 0<1,0\lt-1, II becomes 100<3,100\lt3, and III becomes 0<1,0\lt-1, all false. Thus none is universally true.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

4.

若第一个正方形的一条边等于第二个正方形的一条对角线,则第一个正方形与第二个正方形的面积之比是多少?

If the side of one square is the diagonal of a second square, what is the ratio of the area of the first square to the area of the second?

22

2\sqrt2

12\frac12

222\sqrt2

44

答案:A
难度评级:1210
小提示:

若第一个正方形的边长为 ss,则第二个正方形的对角线长为 ss

If the first side is s,s, then the second square has diagonal ss

大提示:

对角线长为 ss 的正方形面积为 s22\frac{s^2}{2}

A square with diagonal ss has area s22\frac{s^2}{2}

解答:

设第一个正方形的边长为 ss。第二个正方形的对角线长为 ss,所以其边长为 s2\frac{s}{\sqrt2},面积为 s22\frac{s^2}{2}。所求面积比为 s2s22=2\frac{s^2}{\frac{s^2}{2}}=2

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the first square have side s.s. The second has diagonal s,s, so its side is s2\frac{s}{\sqrt2} and its area is s22.\frac{s^2}{2}. The ratio is s2s22=2.\frac{s^2}{\frac{s^2}{2}}=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

5.

将多项式 (x+y)9(x+y)^9xx 的降幂展开。在 x=px=py=qy=q 处,展开式的第二项与第三项取值相等,其中 ppqq 均为正数且和为一。pp 的值是多少?

The polynomial (x+y)9(x+y)^9 is expanded in decreasing powers of x.x. The second and third terms have equal values when evaluated at x=px=p and y=q,y=q, where pp and qq are positive numbers whose sum is one. What is the value of p?p?

15\frac15

45\frac45

14\frac14

34\frac34

89\frac89

答案:B
难度评级:1590
小提示:

写出二项式展开中的第二项和第三项

Write the second and third binomial terms explicitly

大提示:

约去公共的正因子后,将 p=4qp=4qp+q=1p+q=1 联立

After canceling common positive factors, combine p=4qp=4q with p+q=1p+q=1

解答:

这两项分别为 9p8q9p^8q36p7q236p^7q^2。由两者相等且 p,q>0p,q\gt0,得 p=4qp=4q。又因 p+q=1p+q=1,所以 5q=15q=1,从而 p=45p=\frac{4}{5}

因此,正确答案是 B

The terms are 9p8q9p^8q and 36p7q2.36p^7q^2. Their equality, with p,q>0,p,q\gt0, gives p=4q.p=4q. Since p+q=1,p+q=1, we get 5q=15q=1 and p=45.p=\frac{4}{5}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

6.

前八十个正偶数之和减去前八十个正奇数之和等于

The sum of the first eighty positive odd integers subtracted from the sum of the first eighty positive even integers is

00

2020

4040

6060

8080

答案:E
难度评级:1030
小提示:

将第 kk 个偶数与第 kk 个奇数配对

Pair the kkth even number with the kkth odd number

大提示:

每一对的差 2k(2k1)2k-(2k-1) 都相同

Each difference 2k(2k1)2k-(2k-1) is the same

解答:

所求差为 (21)+(43)++(160159) \begin{aligned} &(2-1)+(4-3)+\cdots\\ &\qquad +(160-159)\text{。} \end{aligned} 这是 8080 个一的和,因此等于 8080

因此,正确答案是 E

The desired difference is (21)+(43)++(160159). \begin{aligned} &(2-1)+(4-3)+\cdots\\ &\qquad +(160-159). \end{aligned} It is the sum of 8080 ones, hence 80.80.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

7.

对于哪些非零实数 xxxxx\frac{|x-|x||}{x} 是正整数?

For which nonzero real numbers xx is xxx\frac{|x-|x||}{x} a positive integer?

仅当 xx 为负数时

for negative xx only

仅当 xx 为正数时

for positive xx only

仅当 xx 为偶整数时

only for xx an even integer

对所有非零实数 xx

for all nonzero real numbers xx

不存在这样的非零实数 xx

for no nonzero real numbers xx

答案:E
难度评级:1210
小提示:

分别在 x>0x\gt0x<0x\lt0 两种情况下计算该商

Evaluate the quotient separately for x>0x\gt0 and x<0x\lt0

大提示:

x<0x\lt0 时,先将 x|x| 替换为 x-x,再计算外层绝对值

For x<0,x\lt0, replace x|x| by x-x before evaluating the outer absolute value

解答:

x>0x\gt0,该商为 00。若 x<0x\lt0,则 xx=2x<0x-|x|=2x\lt0,所以 xx=2x|x-|x||=-2x,该商为 2-2。这两个值都不是正整数。

因此,正确答案是 E

If x>0,x\gt0, the quotient is 0.0. If x<0,x\lt0, then xx=2x<0,x-|x|=2x\lt0, so xx=2x|x-|x||=-2x and the quotient is 2.-2. Neither value is a positive integer.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

8.

若命题“这家商店的所有衬衫都在打折”为假,则下列哪些命题一定为真?

I. 这家商店的所有衬衫都按原价出售。

II. 这家商店里至少有一件衬衫不打折。

III. 这家商店里没有衬衫在打折。

IV. 这家商店的衬衫并非全都在打折。

注:命题 I 原文为:这家商店的所有衬衫都不打折。

If the statement “All shirts in this store are on sale.” is false, then which of the following statements must be true?

I. All shirts in this store are at non-sale prices.

II. There is some shirt in this store not on sale.

III. No shirt in this store is on sale.

IV. Not all shirts in this store are on sale.

Note: Originally, statement I read: All shirts in this store are not on sale.

只有 II\mathrm{II}

II\mathrm{II} only

只有 IV\mathrm{IV}

IV\mathrm{IV} only

只有 I\mathrm{I}III\mathrm{III}

I\mathrm{I} and III\mathrm{III} only

只有 II\mathrm{II}IV\mathrm{IV}

II\mathrm{II} and IV\mathrm{IV} only

只有 I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}IV\mathrm{IV}

I,\mathrm{I}, II\mathrm{II} and IV\mathrm{IV} only

答案:D
知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1380
小提示:

否定“所有”就是断言至少存在一个反例

Negating “all” asserts the existence of a counterexample

大提示:

原命题为假并不表示每件衬衫都不打折

The false statement does not say that every shirt fails to be on sale

解答:

“每件衬衫都在打折”的否定是“有些衬衫不打折”,即命题 II,也与命题 IV 等价。命题 I 和 III 都作出了更强的断言,即没有衬衫打折,而这并不能由题设推出。

因此,正确答案是 D

The negation of “Every shirt is on sale” is “Some shirt is not on sale,” which is II and is equivalently phrased by IV. Statements I and III make the stronger claim that no shirt is on sale, which need not follow.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

9.

已知 a1a_1a2a_2\ldotsb1b_1b2b_2\ldots 都是等差数列,且 a1=25a_1=25b1=75b_1=75a100+b100=100a_{100}+b_{100}=100。求数列 a1+b1a_1+b_1a2+b2a_2+b_2\ldots 的前一百项之和。

Let a1,a_1, a2,a_2, \ldots and b1,b_1, b2,b_2, \ldots be arithmetic progressions such that a1=25,a_1=25, b1=75,b_1=75, and a100+b100=100.a_{100}+b_{100}=100. Find the sum of the first one hundred terms of the progression a1+b1,a_1+b_1, a2+b2,a_2+b_2, .\ldots.

00

100100

10,00010{,}000

505,000505{,}000

所给信息不足以求解

not enough information given to solve the problem

答案:C
知识点:等差数列求和
难度评级:1430
小提示:

两个等差数列逐项相加所得数列仍是等差数列

The termwise sum of two arithmetic progressions is arithmetic

大提示:

该数列的第一项和第一百项都等于 100100

Its first and hundredth terms are both 100100

解答:

ci=ai+bic_i=a_i+b_i。这是一个等差数列,且 c1=25+75=100c_1=25+75=100c100=100c_{100}=100。首末两项相等,故公差为 00,所以全部 100100 项都等于 100100,其和为 10,00010{,}000

因此,正确答案是 C

Let ci=ai+bi.c_i=a_i+b_i. This is an arithmetic progression with c1=25+75=100c_1=25+75=100 and c100=100.c_{100}=100. Equal endpoint terms force its common difference to be 0,0, so all 100100 terms equal 100.100. Their sum is 10,000.10{,}000.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

10.

nn 是正整数,则 (104n2+8+1)2\left(10^{4n^2+8}+1\right)^2 的十进制各位数字之和为

The sum of the digits in base ten of (104n2+8+1)2,\left(10^{4n^2+8}+1\right)^2, where nn is a positive integer, is

44

4n4n

2+2n2+2n

4n24n^2

n2+n+2n^2+n+2

答案:A
难度评级:1440
小提示:

k=4n2+8k=4n^2+8,再计算 10k+110^k+1 的平方

Set k=4n2+8k=4n^2+8 and square 10k+110^k+1

大提示:

三个非零数字位于不同数位,因此不会发生进位

The three nonzero digits occur in distinct places, so there are no carries

解答:

k=4n2+8k=4n^2+8,则 (10k+1)2=102k+210k+1 (10^k+1)^2=10^{2k}+2\cdot10^k+1\text{。} 它仅有的三个非零数字为 1,2,11,2,1,所以各位数字之和为 44

因此,正确答案是 A

For k=4n2+8,k=4n^2+8, (10k+1)2=102k+210k+1. (10^k+1)^2=10^{2k}+2\cdot10^k+1. Its only nonzero digits are 1,2,1,1,2,1, so their sum is 4.4.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

11.

PP 是圆 KK 内异于圆 KK 圆心的一点。作圆 KK 中所有经过 PP 的弦,并取这些弦的中点。这些中点的轨迹是

Let PP be an interior point of circle KK other than the center of K.K. Form all chords of KK which pass through P,P, and determine their midpoints. The locus of these midpoints is

去掉一点的圆

a circle with one point deleted

PP 到圆 KK 圆心的距离小于圆 KK 半径的一半,则为一个圆;否则为小于 360360^\circ 的一段圆弧

a circle if the distance from PP to the center of KK is less than one half the radius of K;K; otherwise a circular arc of less than 360360^\circ

去掉一点的半圆

a semicircle with one point deleted

一个半圆

a semicircle

一个圆

a circle

答案:E
知识点:中点
难度评级:1850
小提示:

连接弦的中点 MM 与圆心 OO

Join a chord midpoint MM to the circle’s center OO

大提示:

因为 OMOM 垂直于经过 PP 的弦,所以 OMP=90\angle OMP=90^\circ

Since OMOM is perpendicular to the chord through P,P, OMP=90\angle OMP=90^\circ

解答:

MM 是弦的中点、OO 是圆心,则 OMOM 垂直于该弦,所以 OMP=90\angle OMP=90^\circ,但 M=OM=O 时除外。因此 MM 位于以 OPOP 为直径的圆上。反过来,对该圆上不是端点的每个 MM,都有 PMOMPM\perp OM,所以直线 PMPM 截得圆 KK 的一条以 MM 为中点的弦。端点 M=PM=P 对应经过 PP 且垂直于 OPOP 的弦,而 M=OM=O 对应经过 OOPP 的直径。

因此,正确答案是 E

If MM is a chord midpoint and OO is the center, then OMOM is perpendicular to the chord, so OMP=90\angle OMP=90^\circ unless M=O.M=O. Thus MM lies on the circle with diameter OP.OP. Conversely, each nonendpoint MM on that circle gives PMOM,PM\perp OM, so the line PMPM cuts a chord of KK whose midpoint is M.M. The endpoint M=PM=P gives the chord through PP perpendicular to OP,OP, while M=OM=O gives the diameter through OO and P.P.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

12.

aba\ne ba3b3=19x3a^3-b^3=19x^3ab=xa-b=x,则下列哪个结论正确?

If ab,a\ne b, a3b3=19x3,a^3-b^3=19x^3, and ab=x,a-b=x, which of the following conclusions is correct?

a=3xa=3x

a=3xa=3xa=2xa=-2x

a=3xa=3x or a=2xa=-2x

a=3xa=-3xa=2xa=2x

a=3xa=-3x or a=2xa=2x

a=3xa=3xa=2xa=2x

a=3xa=3x or a=2xa=2x

a=2xa=2x

答案:B
难度评级:1620
小提示:

分解 a3b3a^3-b^3,并利用 x=ab0x=a-b\ne0

Factor a3b3a^3-b^3 and use x=ab0x=a-b\ne0

大提示:

代入 b=axb=a-x,并注意此前可以除以 xx

Substitute b=axb=a-x after dividing by xx

解答:

因式分解并除以 x0x\ne0,得 a2+ab+b2=19x2a^2+ab+b^2=19x^2。代入 b=axb=a-x3a23ax+x2=19x2 3a^2-3ax+x^2=19x^2\text{,} 因而 a2ax6x2=0,(a3x)(a+2x)=0 \begin{aligned} a^2-ax-6x^2&=0,\\ (a-3x)(a+2x)&=0\text{。} \end{aligned} 所以 a=3xa=3xa=2xa=-2x

因此,正确答案是 B

Factoring and dividing by x0x\ne0 gives a2+ab+b2=19x2.a^2+ab+b^2=19x^2. With b=ax,b=a-x, 3a23ax+x2=19x2, 3a^2-3ax+x^2=19x^2, so a2ax6x2=0,(a3x)(a+2x)=0. \begin{aligned} a^2-ax-6x^2&=0,\\ (a-3x)(a+2x)&=0. \end{aligned} Hence a=3xa=3x or a=2x.a=-2x.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

13.

方程 x63x56x3x+8=0x^6-3x^5-6x^3-x+8=0

The equation x63x56x3x+8=0x^6-3x^5-6x^3-x+8=0 has

没有实根

no real roots

恰有两个不同的负根

exactly two distinct negative roots

恰有一个负根

exactly one negative root

没有负根,但至少有一个正根

no negative roots, but at least one positive root

以上都不对

none of these

答案:D
知识点:多项式不等式
难度评级:1560
小提示:

判断 x<0x\lt0 时每一项的符号

Determine the sign of every term when x<0x\lt0

大提示:

比较该多项式在 0011 处的值

Compare the polynomial’s values at 00 and 11

解答:

x<0x\lt0 时,x6,3x5,6x3,xx^6,-3x^5,-6x^3,-x88 均为正数,因此没有负根。该多项式在 x=0x=0 时的值为 88,在 x=1x=1 时的值为 1-1。由连续性可知,在 0011 之间至少有一个正根。

因此,正确答案是 D

For x<0,x\lt0, each of x6,3x5,6x3,x,x^6,-3x^5,-6x^3,-x, and 88 is positive, so there is no negative root. At x=0x=0 the polynomial is 8,8, while at x=1x=1 it is 1.-1. Continuity therefore gives a positive root between 00 and 1.1.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

14.

若当“乙量”等于“丙量”且“丁量加丁量”等于“丙量”\cdot“丁量”时,“甲量”等于“丁量”,那么当“乙量”等于“丁量”、“丁量加丁量”等于“丁量”\cdot“丁量”且“丙量”等于二时,“乙量”\cdot“甲量”等于什么(甲量、乙量、丙量和丁量都是取正值的变量)?

If the whatsis is so when the whosis is is and the so and so is is \cdot so, what is the whosis \cdot whatsis when the whosis is so, the so and so is so \cdot so, and the is is two (whatsis, whosis, is and so are variables taking positive values)?

乙量 \cdot 丙量 \cdot 丁量

whosis \cdot is \cdot so

乙量

whosis

丙量

is

丁量

so

丁量加丁量

so and so

答案:E
难度评级:1810
小提示:

分别用 W,H,I,SW,H,I,S 表示甲量、乙量、丙量和丁量

Replace whatsis, whosis, is, and so by W,H,I,SW,H,I,S

大提示:

由条件 S+S=ISS+S=IS 及各量为正可得 I=2I=2

The condition S+S=ISS+S=IS and positivity force I=2I=2

解答:

第一个条件说明,当 H=IH=I2S=IS2S=IS 时有 W=SW=S。由于 S>0S\gt0,后一个等式给出 I=2I=2。在所求情形中,H=S, 2S=S2H=S,\ 2S=S^2I=2I=2,由各量为正得 H=I=S=2H=I=S=2。因此 W=S=2W=S=2,且 HW=4=S+SHW=4=S+S

因此,正确答案是 E

The first condition says that H=IH=I and 2S=IS2S=IS imply W=S.W=S. Since S>0,S\gt0, the latter equation gives I=2.I=2. In the requested case, H=S, 2S=S2,H=S,\ 2S=S^2, and I=2,I=2, so positivity gives H=I=S=2.H=I=S=2. Hence W=S=2W=S=2 and HW=4=S+S.HW=4=S+S.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

15.

数列 113322\ldots 中,从第三项起,每一项都等于紧邻它的前一项减去再前一项。该数列前一百项之和为

In the sequence of numbers 1,1, 3,3, 2,2, ,\ldots, each term after the first two is equal to the term preceding it minus the term preceding that. The sum of the first one hundred terms of the sequence is

55

44

22

11

1-1

答案:A
难度评级:1570
小提示:

继续写出各项,直到初始相邻项 1,31,3 再次出现

Generate terms until the initial pair 1,31,3 returns

大提示:

每六项为一个周期,且周期和为 00

The six-term period has sum 00

解答:

该数列开头为 1,3,2,1,3,2,1,3, 1,3,2,-1,-3,-2,1,3,\ldots 66 项重复一次,且一个周期内各项之和为 00。前 9696 项之和为 00,最后四项之和为 1+3+21=51+3+2-1=5

因此,正确答案是 A

The sequence begins 1,3,2,1,3,2,1,3, 1,3,2,-1,-3,-2,1,3,\ldots and repeats every 66 terms, with period sum 0.0. The first 9696 terms sum to 0,0, and the last four sum to 1+3+21=5.1+3+2-1=5.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

16.

一个无穷等比级数的首项为正整数,公比为正整数的倒数,且级数之和为 33,则其前两项之和为

If the first term of an infinite geometric series is a positive integer, the common ratio is the reciprocal of a positive integer, and the sum of the series is 3,3, then the sum of the first two terms of the series is

13\frac13

23\frac23

83\frac83

22

92\frac92

答案:C
难度评级:1740
小提示:

将首项记为 aa,公比记为 1n\frac{1}{n}

Write the first term as aa and the ratio as 1n\frac{1}{n}

大提示:

a11n=3\frac{a}{1-\frac{1}{n}}=3 出发,利用 a,na,n 为正整数且 n>1n\gt1

From a11n=3,\frac{a}{1-\frac{1}{n}}=3, use that a,na,n are positive integers and n>1n\gt1

解答:

设首项为 aa,公比为 1n\frac{1}{n}。由级数收敛知 n>1n\gt1,且 a11n=3,a=33n \frac{a}{1-\frac{1}{n}}=3,\qquad a=3-\frac3n\text{。} 因而 nn 整除 33,所以 n=3n=3a=2a=2。前两项之和为 2+23=832+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{8}{3}

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the first term be aa and the ratio 1n.\frac{1}{n}. Convergence gives n>1,n\gt1, and a11n=3,a=33n. \frac{a}{1-\frac{1}{n}}=3,\qquad a=3-\frac3n. Thus nn divides 3,3, so n=3n=3 and a=2.a=2. The first two terms sum to 2+23=83.2+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{8}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

17.

一名男子上下班可以乘火车或公交车。如果早晨乘火车上班,他下午就乘公交车回家;如果下午乘火车回家,他早晨就乘公交车上班。在总共 xx 个工作日中,他早晨乘公交车上班 88 次,下午乘公交车回家 1515 次,并且共乘火车通勤(早晨或下午)99 次。求 xx

A man can commute either by train or by bus. If he goes to work on the train in the morning, he comes home on the bus in the afternoon; and if he comes home in the afternoon on the train, he took the bus in the morning. During a total of xx working days, the man took the bus to work in the morning 88 times, came home by bus in the afternoon 1515 times, and commuted by train (either morning or afternoon) 99 times. Find x.x.

1919

1818

1717

1616

所给信息不足以求解

not enough information given to solve the problem

答案:D
知识点:基本计数
难度评级:1380
小提示:

每个工作日恰有两次单程通勤

There are exactly two one-way trips on every working day

大提示:

将所有公交车行程和火车行程合并计数

Count all bus trips and all train trips together

解答:

公交车行程共有 8+15=238+15=23 次,火车行程共有 99 次,因此单程通勤一共 3232 次。每个工作日对应两次行程,所以 2x=322x=32,从而 x=16x=16。题中的条件相互一致,但这次计数并不需要用到它们。

因此,正确答案是 D

There were 8+15=238+15=23 bus trips and 99 train trips, hence 3232 one-way trips in all. Since each working day contributes two trips, 2x=322x=32 and x=16.x=16. The conditional statements are consistent but not needed for this count.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

18.

从所有十进制三位正整数中等可能地随机选取一个正整数 NNlog2N\log_2N 为整数的概率是

A positive integer NN with three digits in its base ten representation is chosen at random, with each three-digit number having an equal chance of being chosen. The probability that log2N\log_2N is an integer is

00

3899\frac3{899}

1225\frac1{225}

1300\frac1{300}

1450\frac1{450}

答案:D
难度评级:1340
小提示:

22 为底的对数为整数,意味着 NN22 的幂

An integral base-22 logarithm means NN is a power of 22

大提示:

列出 22 的幂中所有介于 100100999999 的数

List the powers of 22 from 100100 through 999999

解答:

三位整数共有 999100+1=900999-100+1=900 个。其中 22 的幂有三个,分别是 128,256128,256512512。因此所求概率为 3900=1300\frac{3}{900}=\frac{1}{300}

因此,正确答案是 D

There are 999100+1=900999-100+1=900 three-digit integers. The three powers of 22 among them are 128,256,128,256, and 512.512. Thus the probability is 3900=1300.\frac{3}{900}=\frac{1}{300}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

19.

哪些正数 xx 满足方程 (log3x)(logx5)=log35(\log_3x)(\log_x5)=\log_35

Which positive numbers xx satisfy the equation (log3x)(logx5)=log35?(\log_3x)(\log_x5)=\log_35?

只有 3355

33 and 55 only

只有 33551515

3,3, 55 and 1515 only

只有形如 5n3m5^n\cdot3^m 的数,其中 nnmm 为正整数

only numbers of the form 5n3m,5^n\cdot3^m, where nn and mm are positive integers

所有满足 x1x\ne1 的正数

all positive x1x\ne1

以上都不对

none of these

答案:D
知识点:对数代数变形
难度评级:1450
小提示:

对左边的两个对数都使用换底公式

Apply the change-of-base formula to both logarithms on the left

大提示:

约分后,别忘了哪一个正数不能作为对数的底

After cancellation, remember which positive base is forbidden

解答:

x>0, x1x\gt0,\ x\ne1 时,换底公式将左边化为 logxlog3log5logx \frac{\log x}{\log3}\cdot\frac{\log5}{\log x}\text{。} 约去 logx\log x 后得到 log5log3=log35\frac{\log5}{\log3}=\log_35。当 x=1x=1 时原式无定义。

因此,正确答案是 D

For x>0, x1,x\gt0,\ x\ne1, change of base makes the left side logxlog3log5logx. \frac{\log x}{\log3}\cdot\frac{\log5}{\log x}. Canceling logx\log x leaves log5log3=log35.\frac{\log5}{\log3}=\log_35. The expression is undefined at x=1.x=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

20.

如图,在三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=4AB=4AC=8AC=8。若 MMBCBC 的中点且 AM=3AM=3,则 BCBC 的长度是多少?

In the adjoining figure triangle ABCABC is such that AB=4AB=4 and AC=8.AC=8. If MM is the midpoint of BCBC and AM=3,AM=3, what is the length of BC?BC?

2262\sqrt{26}

2312\sqrt{31}

99

4+2134+2\sqrt{13}

所给信息不足以求解

not enough information given to solve the problem

答案:B
难度评级:1670
小提示:

使用三角形三边与一条中线之间的关系

Use the relation between a triangle’s three sides and a median

大提示:

阿波罗尼奥斯定理给出 AB2+AC2=2(AM2+BM2)AB^2+AC^2=2(AM^2+BM^2)

Apollonius’ theorem gives AB2+AC2=2(AM2+BM2)AB^2+AC^2=2(AM^2+BM^2)

解答:

BM=CM=xBM=CM=x,则 BC=2xBC=2x。由阿波罗尼奥斯定理,42+82=2(32+x2) 4^2+8^2=2(3^2+x^2)\text{。} 因此 80=18+2x2, x2=3180=18+2x^2,\ x^2=31,从而 BC=231BC=2\sqrt{31}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let BM=CM=x,BM=CM=x, so BC=2x.BC=2x. By Apollonius’ theorem, 42+82=2(32+x2). 4^2+8^2=2(3^2+x^2). Hence 80=18+2x2, x2=31,80=18+2x^2,\ x^2=31, and BC=231.BC=2\sqrt{31}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

21.

f(x)f(x) 对所有实数 xx 都有定义;f(x)>0f(x)\gt0 对所有 xx 成立;且 f(a)f(b)=f(a+b)f(a)f(b)=f(a+b) 对所有 aabb 成立。下列哪些命题为真?

I. f(0)=1f(0)=1

II. f(a)=1f(a)f(-a)=\frac{1}{f(a)} 对所有 aa 成立

III. f(a)=f(3a)3f(a)=\sqrt[3]{f(3a)} 对所有 aa 成立

IV. f(b)>f(a)f(b)\gt f(a),只要 b>ab\gt a

Suppose f(x)f(x) is defined for all real numbers x;x; f(x)>0f(x)\gt0 for all x;x; and f(a)f(b)=f(a+b)f(a)f(b)=f(a+b) for all aa and b.b. Which of the following statements are true?

I. f(0)=1f(0)=1

II. f(a)=1f(a)f(-a)=\frac{1}{f(a)} for all aa

III. f(a)=f(3a)3f(a)=\sqrt[3]{f(3a)} for all aa

IV. f(b)>f(a)f(b)\gt f(a) if b>ab\gt a

只有 III\mathrm{III}IV\mathrm{IV}

III\mathrm{III} and IV\mathrm{IV} only

只有 I\mathrm{I}III\mathrm{III}IV\mathrm{IV}

I,\mathrm{I}, III\mathrm{III} and IV\mathrm{IV} only

只有 I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}IV\mathrm{IV}

I,\mathrm{I}, II\mathrm{II} and IV\mathrm{IV} only

只有 I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}III\mathrm{III}

I,\mathrm{I}, II\mathrm{II} and III\mathrm{III} only

全部为真。

All are true.

答案:D
难度评级:1670
小提示:

依次代入 a=0, b=aa=0,\ b=-a,再将 aa 连加三次

Substitute a=0, b=a,a=0,\ b=-a, and then add aa three times

大提示:

用常函数 f(x)=1f(x)=1 检验单调性命题

Test the monotonicity claim with the constant function f(x)=1f(x)=1

解答:

a=0a=0,结合函数值为正可得 f(0)=1f(0)=1。取 b=ab=-a,得 f(a)f(a)=1f(a)f(-a)=1。另外,f(3a)=f(a)3f(3a)=f(a)^3,所以由函数值为正,可以在 III 中取正的立方根。但是 f(x)=1f(x)=1 满足该函数方程却不是严格递增函数,因此 IV 不一定成立。

因此,正确答案是 D

Taking a=0a=0 and using positivity gives f(0)=1.f(0)=1. Taking b=ab=-a gives f(a)f(a)=1.f(a)f(-a)=1. Also f(3a)=f(a)3,f(3a)=f(a)^3, so positivity permits the positive cube root in III. But f(x)=1f(x)=1 satisfies the functional equation and is not strictly increasing, so IV need not hold.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

22.

ppqq 都是质数,且 x2px+q=0x^2-px+q=0 有两个不同的正整数根,则下列哪些命题为真?

I. 两根之差为奇数。

II. 至少有一个根是质数。

III. p2qp^2-q 是质数。

IV. p+qp+q 是质数。

If pp and qq are primes and x2px+q=0x^2-px+q=0 has distinct positive integral roots, then which of the following statements are true?

I. The difference of the roots is odd.

II. At least one root is prime.

III. p2qp^2-q is prime.

IV. p+qp+q is prime.

只有 I\mathrm{I}

I\mathrm{I} only

只有 II\mathrm{II}

II\mathrm{II} only

只有 II\mathrm{II}III\mathrm{III}

II\mathrm{II} and III\mathrm{III} only

只有 I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}IV\mathrm{IV}

I,\mathrm{I}, II\mathrm{II} and IV\mathrm{IV} only

全部为真。

All are true.

答案:E
难度评级:1830
小提示:

两个正整数根的乘积是质数 qq

The product of the two positive integer roots is the prime qq

大提示:

两根必为 1,q1,q,而它们的和为质数迫使 q=2q=2

The roots must be 1,q,1,q, and their prime sum forces q=2q=2

解答:

两个正整数根的乘积为 qq,所以两根是 11qq。它们的和为 p=q+1p=q+1,只有当 q=2q=2 时这个和才是质数,此时 p=3p=3,两根为 1,21,2。两根之差为 11,其中一个根是质数,p2q=7p^2-q=7,且 p+q=5p+q=5;因此四个命题全部成立。

因此,正确答案是 E

The positive integer roots have product q,q, so they are 11 and q.q. Their sum is p=q+1,p=q+1, which is prime only when q=2,q=2, giving p=3p=3 and roots 1,2.1,2. Their difference is 1,1, one root is prime, p2q=7,p^2-q=7, and p+q=5;p+q=5; therefore all four statements hold.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

23.

如图,ABABBCBC 是正方形 ABCDABCD 的相邻两边;MMABAB 的中点;NNBCBC 的中点;ANANCMCM 交于 OO。四边形 AOCDAOCD 与正方形 ABCDABCD 的面积之比为

In the adjoining figure ABAB and BCBC are adjacent sides of square ABCD;ABCD; MM is the midpoint of AB;AB; NN is the midpoint of BC;BC; and ANAN and CMCM intersect at O.O. The ratio of the area of AOCDAOCD to the area of ABCDABCD is

56\frac56

34\frac34

23\frac23

32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

312\frac{\sqrt3-1}{2}

答案:C
难度评级:1670
小提示:

在三角形 ABCABC 中,ANANCMCM 都是中线

In triangle ABC,ABC, both ANAN and CMCM are medians

大提示:

为正方形建立坐标系,并求出重心 OO 的坐标

Use coordinates for the square and locate the centroid OO

解答:

A=(0,0),B=(1,0)A=(0,0),B=(1,0)C=(1,1),D=(0,1)C=(1,1),D=(0,1)。因为 OO 是三角形 ABCABC 的重心,所以 O=(23,13)O=(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3})。三角形 AOBAOBCOBCOB 的面积都为 16\frac{1}{6}。从单位正方形中去掉这两个三角形,得到 [AOCD]=11616=23 [AOCD]=1-\frac16-\frac16=\frac23\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Take A=(0,0),B=(1,0),A=(0,0),B=(1,0), C=(1,1),D=(0,1).C=(1,1),D=(0,1). Since OO is the centroid of triangle ABC,ABC, O=(23,13).O=(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3}). Triangles AOBAOB and COBCOB each have area 16.\frac{1}{6}. Removing them from the unit square leaves [AOCD]=11616=23. [AOCD]=1-\frac16-\frac16=\frac23.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

24.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,C=θ\angle C=\thetaB=2θ\angle B=2\theta,其中 0<θ<600^\circ\lt\theta\lt60^\circ。以 AA 为圆心、ABAB 为半径的圆与 ACAC 交于 DD,并与 BCBC(必要时延长)交于 BBEEEE 可能与 BB 重合)。则等式 EC=ADEC=AD

In triangle ABC,ABC, C=θ\angle C=\theta and B=2θ,\angle B=2\theta, where 0<θ<60.0^\circ\lt\theta\lt60^\circ. The circle with center AA and radius ABAB intersects ACAC at DD and intersects BC,BC, extended if necessary, at BB and at EE (EE may coincide with BB). Then EC=ADEC=AD

对任何 θ\theta 都不成立

for no values of θ\theta

仅当 θ=45\theta=45^\circ 时成立

only if θ=45\theta=45^\circ

仅当 0<θ450^\circ\lt\theta\le45^\circ 时成立

only if 0<θ450^\circ\lt\theta\le45^\circ

仅当 45θ<6045^\circ\le\theta\lt60^\circ 时成立

only if 45θ<6045^\circ\le\theta\lt60^\circ

对所有 θ\theta 都成立,其中 0<θ<600^\circ\lt\theta\lt60^\circ

for all θ\theta such that 0<θ<600^\circ\lt\theta\lt60^\circ

答案:E
难度评级:2220
小提示:

由于 AB=AE=ADAB=AE=AD,先研究等腰三角形 ABEABE

Because AB=AE=AD,AB=AE=AD, first study the isosceles triangle ABEABE

大提示:

无论 EEBCBC 上还是在其延长线上,追角都可得 EAC=ECA=θ\angle EAC=\angle ECA=\theta

Whether EE lies on BCBC or its extension, angle chasing gives EAC=ECA=θ\angle EAC=\angle ECA=\theta

解答:

由于 AB=AEAB=AE,三角形 ABEABE 是等腰三角形。当 0<θ<450^\circ\lt\theta\lt45^\circ 时,EE 位于 B,CB,C 之间;三角形 AECAEC 的外角定理给出 2θ=EAC+θ2\theta=\angle EAC+\theta,所以 EAC=θ\angle EAC=\theta。当 45<θ<6045^\circ\lt\theta\lt60^\circ 时,EE 位于 BB 的外侧;此时 AEC=1802θ\angle AEC=180^\circ-2\theta,于是 EAC=180(1802θ)θ=θ \begin{aligned} \angle EAC &=180^\circ\\ &\quad-(180^\circ-2\theta)-\theta\\ &=\theta\text{。} \end{aligned} θ=45, E=B\theta=45^\circ,\ E=B 时,结论显然成立。因此三角形 AECAEC 始终是等腰三角形,所以 EC=EA=ADEC=EA=AD

因此,正确答案是 E

Since AB=AE,AB=AE, triangle ABEABE is isosceles. For 0<θ<45,0^\circ\lt\theta\lt45^\circ, EE lies between B,CB,C; the exterior-angle theorem in triangle AECAEC gives 2θ=EAC+θ,2\theta=\angle EAC+\theta, so EAC=θ.\angle EAC=\theta. For 45<θ<60,45^\circ\lt\theta\lt60^\circ, EE lies beyond BB; then AEC=1802θ,\angle AEC=180^\circ-2\theta, hence EAC=180(1802θ)θ=θ. \begin{aligned} \angle EAC &=180^\circ\\ &\quad-(180^\circ-2\theta)-\theta\\ &=\theta. \end{aligned} At θ=45, E=B\theta=45^\circ,\ E=B and the conclusion is immediate. Thus triangle AECAEC is always isosceles, so EC=EA=AD.EC=EA=AD.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

25.

一名女子、她的兄弟、她的儿子和她的女儿都是国际象棋棋手(所有亲属关系均为血缘关系)。水平最差者的双胞胎手足也是这四人之一,且与水平最佳者性别相反。水平最差者与水平最佳者年龄相同。谁的水平最差?

A woman, her brother, her son and her daughter are chess players (all relations by birth). The worst player’s twin (who is one of the four players) and the best player are of opposite sex. The worst player and the best player are the same age. Who is the worst player?

这名女子

the woman

她的儿子

her son

她的兄弟

her brother

她的女儿

her daughter

不存在符合所给信息的答案。

No solution is consistent with the given information.

答案:B
难度评级:1740
小提示:

列出这四人中同一辈分、可能构成双胞胎的所有配对

List the only possible same-generation twin pairs among the four people

大提示:

若儿子水平最差,他的双胞胎手足是女儿,而水平最佳者可以是女子的兄弟

If the son is worst, his twin is the daughter and the best can be the brother

解答:

若儿子水平最差,则女儿可以是他的双胞胎手足,女子的兄弟可以是水平最佳者;儿子与这位兄弟可能同岁,因此所有条件都能满足。若女子水平最差,则她的兄弟是其双胞胎,女儿必须水平最佳,但母女不可能同岁。若兄弟水平最差,则女子是其双胞胎,儿子必须水平最佳,年龄条件仍不可能满足。若女儿水平最差,则儿子是其双胞胎,女子必须水平最佳,同样不可能同岁。因此只有儿子符合条件。

因此,正确答案是 B

If the son is worst, the daughter can be his twin and the brother can be best; the son and brother may have the same age, so all conditions can hold. If the woman is worst, the brother is her twin and the daughter must be best, but mother and daughter cannot be the same age. If the brother is worst, the woman is his twin and the son must be best, again impossible in age. If the daughter is worst, her twin is the son and the woman must be best, also impossible in age. Thus only the son works.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

26.

在锐角三角形 ABCABC 中,A\angle A 的角平分线与边 BCBC 交于 DD。以 BB 为圆心、BDBD 为半径的圆与边 ABAB 交于 MM;以 CC 为圆心、CDCD 为半径的圆与边 ACAC 交于 NN。则恒有

In acute triangle ABCABC the bisector of A\angle A meets side BCBC at D.D. The circle with center BB and radius BDBD intersects side ABAB at M;M; and the circle with center CC and radius CDCD intersects side ACAC at N.N. Then it is always true that

CND+BMDDAC=120\begin{aligned}\angle CND+\angle BMD\\{}-\angle DAC=120^\circ\end{aligned}

AMDNAMDN 是梯形

AMDNAMDN is a trapezoid

BCBC 平行于 MNMN

BCBC is parallel to MNMN

AMAN=3(DBDC)2AM-AN=\frac{3(DB-DC)}2

ABAC=3(DBDC)2AB-AC=\frac{3(DB-DC)}2

答案:C
难度评级:1770
小提示:

利用 BM=BD, CN=CDBM=BD,\ CN=CD 及角平分线定理

Use BM=BD, CN=CD,BM=BD,\ CN=CD, and the angle bisector theorem

大提示:

证明 BMCN=ABAC\frac{BM}{CN}=\frac{AB}{AC},再应用三角形一边平行线判定定理

Show that BMCN=ABAC\frac{BM}{CN}=\frac{AB}{AC} and apply the converse of the side-splitter theorem

解答:

由角平分线定理,BDCD=ABAC \frac{BD}{CD}=\frac{AB}{AC}\text{。} 因为 BM=BDBM=BDCN=CDCN=CD,所以 BMCN=ABAC\frac{BM}{CN}=\frac{AB}{AC}。因此,MMNNABABACAC 上分别从 BBCC 两端按相同比例分割,由三角形一边平行线判定定理可得 MNBCMN\parallel BC

因此,正确答案是 C

The angle bisector theorem gives BDCD=ABAC. \frac{BD}{CD}=\frac{AB}{AC}. Since BM=BDBM=BD and CN=CD,CN=CD, we have BMCN=ABAC.\frac{BM}{CN}=\frac{AB}{AC}. Therefore MM and NN divide ABAB and ACAC proportionally from BB and C,C, so the converse of the side-splitter theorem gives MNBC.MN\parallel BC.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

27.

ppqqrr 是方程 x3x2+x2=0x^3-x^2+x-2=0 的三个不同根,则 p3+q3+r3p^3+q^3+r^3 等于

If p,p, q,q, and rr are distinct roots of x3x2+x2=0,x^3-x^2+x-2=0, then p3+q3+r3p^3+q^3+r^3 equals

1-1

11

33

55

以上都不对

none of these

答案:E
难度评级:1960
小提示:

用韦达定理求 p+q+rp+q+rpq+pr+qrpq+pr+qr

Use Vieta to find p+q+rp+q+r and pq+pr+qrpq+pr+qr

大提示:

先计算 p2+q2+r2p^2+q^2+r^2,再将三个根所满足的方程相加

First compute p2+q2+r2,p^2+q^2+r^2, then add the three equations satisfied by the roots

解答:

由韦达定理得 p+q+r=1p+q+r=1pq+pr+qr=1pq+pr+qr=1。因此 p2+q2+r2=(p+q+r)22(pq+pr+qr)=1 \begin{aligned} p^2+q^2+r^2 &=(p+q+r)^2\\ &\quad-2(pq+pr+qr)\\ &=-1\text{。} \end{aligned} 每个根 tt 都满足 t3=t2t+2t^3=t^2-t+2。将三个根对应的等式相加,得到 p3+q3+r3=11+6=4 p^3+q^3+r^3=-1-1+6=4\text{。} 这个数不在选项 A 到 D 中。

因此,正确答案是 E

Vieta gives p+q+r=1p+q+r=1 and pq+pr+qr=1.pq+pr+qr=1. Thus p2+q2+r2=(p+q+r)22(pq+pr+qr)=1. \begin{aligned} p^2+q^2+r^2 &=(p+q+r)^2\\ &\quad-2(pq+pr+qr)\\ &=-1. \end{aligned} Each root tt satisfies t3=t2t+2.t^3=t^2-t+2. Summing over the three roots yields p3+q3+r3=11+6=4. p^3+q^3+r^3=-1-1+6=4. This is not among choices A–D.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

28.

如图,在三角形 ABCABC 中,MM 是边 BCBC 的中点,AB=12AB=12AC=16AC=16。点 EEFF 分别取在 ACACABAB 上,直线 EFEFAMAM 交于 GG。若 AE=2AFAE=2AF,则 EGGF\frac{EG}{GF} 等于

In triangle ABCABC shown in the adjoining figure, MM is the midpoint of side BC,BC, AB=12,AB=12, and AC=16.AC=16. Points EE and FF are taken on ACAC and AB,AB, respectively, and lines EFEF and AMAM intersect at G.G. If AE=2AF,AE=2AF, then EGGF\frac{EG}{GF} equals

32\frac32

43\frac43

54\frac54

65\frac65

所给信息不足以求解

not enough information given to solve the problem

答案:A
难度评级:2180
小提示:

B,CB,C 分别表示为向量 b,c\mathbf b,\mathbf c,它们均从 AA 出发

Represent B,CB,C by vectors b,c\mathbf b,\mathbf c from AA

大提示:

F=tbF=t\mathbf b,则 E=32tcE=\frac32t\mathbf c;令该点在 b,c\mathbf b,\mathbf c 方向的系数相等,使其同时位于 EFEFAMAM

If F=tb,F=t\mathbf b, then E=32tc;E=\frac32t\mathbf c; equate the b,c\mathbf b,\mathbf c coefficients of a point on EFEF and on AMAM

解答:

AA 置于原点,并将 B,CB,C 的位置向量分别记为 b,c\mathbf b,\mathbf c。若 F=tbF=t\mathbf b,则 AF=12tAF=12tAE=24tAE=24t,所以 E=(3t2)cE=(\frac{3t}{2})\mathbf c。令 G=(1u)F+uEG=(1-u)F+uE。因为 GG 也位于中线 AMAM 上,所以它在 b\mathbf bc\mathbf c 方向的系数相等:(1u)t=32ut (1-u)t=\frac32ut\text{。} 因此 u=25u=\frac{2}{5}。沿着 FE,FGFE=25FE,\frac{FG}{FE}=\frac{2}{5},并有 EGFE=35\frac{EG}{FE}=\frac{3}{5},所以 EGGF=32\frac{EG}{GF}=\frac{3}{2}

因此,正确答案是 A

Put AA at the origin and write the position vectors of B,CB,C as b,c.\mathbf b,\mathbf c. If F=tb,F=t\mathbf b, then AF=12tAF=12t and AE=24t,AE=24t, so E=(3t2)c.E=(\frac{3t}{2})\mathbf c. Write G=(1u)F+uE.G=(1-u)F+uE. Because GG also lies on the median AM,AM, its b\mathbf b and c\mathbf c coefficients are equal: (1u)t=32ut. (1-u)t=\frac32ut. Hence u=25.u=\frac{2}{5}. Along FE,FGFE=25FE,\frac{FG}{FE}=\frac{2}{5} and EGFE=35,\frac{EG}{FE}=\frac{3}{5}, so EGGF=32.\frac{EG}{GF}=\frac{3}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

29.

大于 (3+2)6(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)^6 的最小整数是多少?

What is the smallest integer larger than (3+2)6?(\sqrt3+\sqrt2)^6?

972972

971971

970970

969969

968968

答案:C
难度评级:1980
小提示:

将该式与其共轭式 (32)6(\sqrt3-\sqrt2)^6 配对

Pair the expression with its conjugate (32)6(\sqrt3-\sqrt2)^6

大提示:

两式之和为整数,而共轭式的值严格介于 0011 之间

Their sum is an integer, while the conjugate term lies strictly between 00 and 11

解答:

α=3+2\alpha=\sqrt3+\sqrt2β=32\beta=\sqrt3-\sqrt2。将它们的六次方相加,所有含奇次根式的项都会抵消:α6+β6=2(33+15(32)(2)+15(3)(22)+23)=970 \begin{aligned} \alpha^6+\beta^6 &=2\bigl(3^3+15(3^2)(2)\\ &\qquad+15(3)(2^2)+2^3\bigr)\\ &=970\text{。} \end{aligned} 因为 0<β<10\lt\beta\lt1,所以 969<α6=970β6<970969\lt\alpha^6=970-\beta^6\lt970。因此,大于它的最小整数为 970970

因此,正确答案是 C

Let α=3+2\alpha=\sqrt3+\sqrt2 and β=32.\beta=\sqrt3-\sqrt2. Adding their sixth powers cancels all odd radical terms: α6+β6=2(33+15(32)(2)+15(3)(22)+23)=970. \begin{aligned} \alpha^6+\beta^6 &=2\bigl(3^3+15(3^2)(2)\\ &\qquad+15(3)(2^2)+2^3\bigr)\\ &=970. \end{aligned} Since 0<β<1,0\lt\beta\lt1, we have 969<α6=970β6<970.969\lt\alpha^6=970-\beta^6\lt970. Thus the smallest larger integer is 970.970.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

30.

x=cos36cos72x=\cos36^\circ-\cos72^\circ。则 xx 等于

Let x=cos36cos72.x=\cos36^\circ-\cos72^\circ. Then xx equals

13\frac13

12\frac12

363-\sqrt6

2332\sqrt3-3

以上都不对

none of these

答案:B
难度评级:1670
小提示:

w=cos36w=\cos36^\circy=cos72y=\cos72^\circ

Let w=cos36w=\cos36^\circ and y=cos72y=\cos72^\circ

大提示:

利用 y=2w21y=2w^2-1w=12y2w=1-2y^2,再将两个等式相加

Use y=2w21y=2w^2-1 and w=12y2w=1-2y^2, then add the equations

解答:

w=cos36w=\cos36^\circy=cos72y=\cos72^\circ。由二倍角公式,y=2w21,w=12y2 y=2w^2-1,\qquad w=1-2y^2\text{。} 两式相加得 w+y=2(w2y2)=2(wy)(w+y) \begin{aligned} w+y&=2(w^2-y^2)\\ &=2(w-y)(w+y)\text{。} \end{aligned} 因为 w+y0w+y\ne0,两边相除得 wy=12w-y=\frac{1}{2}。因此 x=12x=\frac{1}{2}

因此,正确答案是 B

Set w=cos36w=\cos36^\circ and y=cos72.y=\cos72^\circ. The double-angle identities give y=2w21,w=12y2. y=2w^2-1,\qquad w=1-2y^2. Adding yields w+y=2(w2y2)=2(wy)(w+y). \begin{aligned} w+y&=2(w^2-y^2)\\ &=2(w-y)(w+y). \end{aligned} Since w+y0,w+y\ne0, division gives wy=12.w-y=\frac{1}{2}. Thus x=12.x=\frac{1}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.