1975 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
2.
对于哪些实数 ,联立方程 至少有一组实数解 ?
For which real values of are the simultaneous equations satisfied by at least one pair of real numbers
所有
all
所有
all
所有
all
所有
all
不存在这样的
no values of
小提示:
两条非竖直直线仅在平行且不重合时没有交点
Two nonvertical lines fail to meet only when they are parallel and distinct
大提示:
令两条直线的斜率 与 相等
Set the slopes and equal
解答:
两直线只有在 时才可能不相交,由此得 。它们在 轴上的截距分别为 和 ,所以此时是两条不重合的平行直线。其余每个 都对应一个交点。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The lines fail to intersect only if which gives Their -intercepts are and so at that value they are distinct parallel lines. Every other gives one intersection.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
3.
对于所有实数 、、、、、,若它们满足 、、,则下列哪些不等式恒成立?
I.
II.
III.
Which of the following inequalities are satisfied for all real numbers which satisfy and
I.
II.
III.
没有一个恒成立。
None are satisfied.
只有
only
只有
only
只有
only
全部恒成立。
All are satisfied.
小提示:
变量均为实数,因此一个数增大时,它的平方或与其他数的乘积不一定增大
The variables are real, so increasing a number need not increase its square or its products
大提示:
尝试取 、
Try
解答:
取 和 。题设的三个不等式均满足。但是 I 变为 ,II 变为 ,III 变为 ,全都不成立。因此没有一个不等式恒成立。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Take and The required three coordinate inequalities hold. But I becomes II becomes and III becomes all false. Thus none is universally true.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
4.
若第一个正方形的一条边等于第二个正方形的一条对角线,则第一个正方形与第二个正方形的面积之比是多少?
If the side of one square is the diagonal of a second square, what is the ratio of the area of the first square to the area of the second?
小提示:
若第一个正方形的边长为 ,则第二个正方形的对角线长为
If the first side is then the second square has diagonal
大提示:
对角线长为 的正方形面积为
A square with diagonal has area
解答:
设第一个正方形的边长为 。第二个正方形的对角线长为 ,所以其边长为 ,面积为 。所求面积比为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the first square have side The second has diagonal so its side is and its area is The ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
5.
将多项式 按 的降幂展开。在 、 处,展开式的第二项与第三项取值相等,其中 、 均为正数且和为一。 的值是多少?
The polynomial is expanded in decreasing powers of The second and third terms have equal values when evaluated at and where and are positive numbers whose sum is one. What is the value of
小提示:
写出二项式展开中的第二项和第三项
Write the second and third binomial terms explicitly
大提示:
约去公共的正因子后,将 与 联立
After canceling common positive factors, combine with
解答:
这两项分别为 和 。由两者相等且 ,得 。又因 ,所以 ,从而 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The terms are and Their equality, with gives Since we get and
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
6.
前八十个正偶数之和减去前八十个正奇数之和等于
The sum of the first eighty positive odd integers subtracted from the sum of the first eighty positive even integers is
7.
对于哪些非零实数 , 是正整数?
For which nonzero real numbers is a positive integer?
仅当 为负数时
for negative only
仅当 为正数时
for positive only
仅当 为偶整数时
only for an even integer
对所有非零实数
for all nonzero real numbers
不存在这样的非零实数
for no nonzero real numbers
小提示:
分别在 和 两种情况下计算该商
Evaluate the quotient separately for and
大提示:
当 时,先将 替换为 ,再计算外层绝对值
For replace by before evaluating the outer absolute value
解答:
若 ,该商为 。若 ,则 ,所以 ,该商为 。这两个值都不是正整数。
因此,正确答案是 E。
If the quotient is If then so and the quotient is Neither value is a positive integer.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
8.
若命题“这家商店的所有衬衫都在打折”为假,则下列哪些命题一定为真?
I. 这家商店的所有衬衫都按原价出售。
II. 这家商店里至少有一件衬衫不打折。
III. 这家商店里没有衬衫在打折。
IV. 这家商店的衬衫并非全都在打折。
注:命题 I 原文为:这家商店的所有衬衫都不打折。
If the statement “All shirts in this store are on sale.” is false, then which of the following statements must be true?
I. All shirts in this store are at non-sale prices.
II. There is some shirt in this store not on sale.
III. No shirt in this store is on sale.
IV. Not all shirts in this store are on sale.
Note: Originally, statement I read: All shirts in this store are not on sale.
只有
only
只有
only
只有 和
and only
只有 和
and only
只有 、 和
and only
答案:D
小提示:
否定“所有”就是断言至少存在一个反例
Negating “all” asserts the existence of a counterexample
大提示:
原命题为假并不表示每件衬衫都不打折
The false statement does not say that every shirt fails to be on sale
解答:
“每件衬衫都在打折”的否定是“有些衬衫不打折”,即命题 II,也与命题 IV 等价。命题 I 和 III 都作出了更强的断言,即没有衬衫打折,而这并不能由题设推出。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The negation of “Every shirt is on sale” is “Some shirt is not on sale,” which is II and is equivalently phrased by IV. Statements I and III make the stronger claim that no shirt is on sale, which need not follow.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
9.
已知 、、 与 、、 都是等差数列,且 、、。求数列 、、 的前一百项之和。
Let and be arithmetic progressions such that and Find the sum of the first one hundred terms of the progression
所给信息不足以求解
not enough information given to solve the problem
小提示:
两个等差数列逐项相加所得数列仍是等差数列
The termwise sum of two arithmetic progressions is arithmetic
大提示:
该数列的第一项和第一百项都等于
Its first and hundredth terms are both
解答:
令 。这是一个等差数列,且 、。首末两项相等,故公差为 ,所以全部 项都等于 ,其和为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let This is an arithmetic progression with and Equal endpoint terms force its common difference to be so all terms equal Their sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
10.
设 是正整数,则 的十进制各位数字之和为
The sum of the digits in base ten of where is a positive integer, is
11.
设 是圆 内异于圆 圆心的一点。作圆 中所有经过 的弦,并取这些弦的中点。这些中点的轨迹是
Let be an interior point of circle other than the center of Form all chords of which pass through and determine their midpoints. The locus of these midpoints is
去掉一点的圆
a circle with one point deleted
若 到圆 圆心的距离小于圆 半径的一半,则为一个圆;否则为小于 的一段圆弧
a circle if the distance from to the center of is less than one half the radius of otherwise a circular arc of less than
去掉一点的半圆
a semicircle with one point deleted
一个半圆
a semicircle
一个圆
a circle
小提示:
连接弦的中点 与圆心
Join a chord midpoint to the circle’s center
大提示:
因为 垂直于经过 的弦,所以
Since is perpendicular to the chord through
解答:
若 是弦的中点、 是圆心,则 垂直于该弦,所以 ,但 时除外。因此 位于以 为直径的圆上。反过来,对该圆上不是端点的每个 ,都有 ,所以直线 截得圆 的一条以 为中点的弦。端点 对应经过 且垂直于 的弦,而 对应经过 和 的直径。
因此,正确答案是 E。
If is a chord midpoint and is the center, then is perpendicular to the chord, so unless Thus lies on the circle with diameter Conversely, each nonendpoint on that circle gives so the line cuts a chord of whose midpoint is The endpoint gives the chord through perpendicular to while gives the diameter through and
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
12.
若 、、,则下列哪个结论正确?
If and which of the following conclusions is correct?
或
or
或
or
或
or
13.
方程 有
The equation has
没有实根
no real roots
恰有两个不同的负根
exactly two distinct negative roots
恰有一个负根
exactly one negative root
没有负根,但至少有一个正根
no negative roots, but at least one positive root
以上都不对
none of these
小提示:
判断 时每一项的符号
Determine the sign of every term when
大提示:
比较该多项式在 和 处的值
Compare the polynomial’s values at and
解答:
当 时, 和 均为正数,因此没有负根。该多项式在 时的值为 ,在 时的值为 。由连续性可知,在 与 之间至少有一个正根。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For each of and is positive, so there is no negative root. At the polynomial is while at it is Continuity therefore gives a positive root between and
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
14.
若当“乙量”等于“丙量”且“丁量加丁量”等于“丙量”“丁量”时,“甲量”等于“丁量”,那么当“乙量”等于“丁量”、“丁量加丁量”等于“丁量”“丁量”且“丙量”等于二时,“乙量”“甲量”等于什么(甲量、乙量、丙量和丁量都是取正值的变量)?
If the whatsis is so when the whosis is is and the so and so is is so, what is the whosis whatsis when the whosis is so, the so and so is so so, and the is is two (whatsis, whosis, is and so are variables taking positive values)?
乙量 丙量 丁量
whosis is so
乙量
whosis
丙量
is
丁量
so
丁量加丁量
so and so
小提示:
分别用 表示甲量、乙量、丙量和丁量
Replace whatsis, whosis, is, and so by
大提示:
由条件 及各量为正可得
The condition and positivity force
解答:
第一个条件说明,当 且 时有 。由于 ,后一个等式给出 。在所求情形中, 且 ,由各量为正得 。因此 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The first condition says that and imply Since the latter equation gives In the requested case, and so positivity gives Hence and
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
15.
数列 、、、 中,从第三项起,每一项都等于紧邻它的前一项减去再前一项。该数列前一百项之和为
In the sequence of numbers each term after the first two is equal to the term preceding it minus the term preceding that. The sum of the first one hundred terms of the sequence is
小提示:
继续写出各项,直到初始相邻项 再次出现
Generate terms until the initial pair returns
大提示:
每六项为一个周期,且周期和为
The six-term period has sum
解答:
该数列开头为 每 项重复一次,且一个周期内各项之和为 。前 项之和为 ,最后四项之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The sequence begins and repeats every terms, with period sum The first terms sum to and the last four sum to
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
16.
一个无穷等比级数的首项为正整数,公比为正整数的倒数,且级数之和为 ,则其前两项之和为
If the first term of an infinite geometric series is a positive integer, the common ratio is the reciprocal of a positive integer, and the sum of the series is then the sum of the first two terms of the series is
小提示:
将首项记为 ,公比记为
Write the first term as and the ratio as
大提示:
从 出发,利用 为正整数且
From use that are positive integers and
解答:
设首项为 ,公比为 。由级数收敛知 ,且 因而 整除 ,所以 、。前两项之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the first term be and the ratio Convergence gives and Thus divides so and The first two terms sum to
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
17.
一名男子上下班可以乘火车或公交车。如果早晨乘火车上班,他下午就乘公交车回家;如果下午乘火车回家,他早晨就乘公交车上班。在总共 个工作日中,他早晨乘公交车上班 次,下午乘公交车回家 次,并且共乘火车通勤(早晨或下午) 次。求 。
A man can commute either by train or by bus. If he goes to work on the train in the morning, he comes home on the bus in the afternoon; and if he comes home in the afternoon on the train, he took the bus in the morning. During a total of working days, the man took the bus to work in the morning times, came home by bus in the afternoon times, and commuted by train (either morning or afternoon) times. Find
所给信息不足以求解
not enough information given to solve the problem
答案:D
小提示:
每个工作日恰有两次单程通勤
There are exactly two one-way trips on every working day
大提示:
将所有公交车行程和火车行程合并计数
Count all bus trips and all train trips together
解答:
公交车行程共有 次,火车行程共有 次,因此单程通勤一共 次。每个工作日对应两次行程,所以 ,从而 。题中的条件相互一致,但这次计数并不需要用到它们。
因此,正确答案是 D。
There were bus trips and train trips, hence one-way trips in all. Since each working day contributes two trips, and The conditional statements are consistent but not needed for this count.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
18.
从所有十进制三位正整数中等可能地随机选取一个正整数 。 为整数的概率是
A positive integer with three digits in its base ten representation is chosen at random, with each three-digit number having an equal chance of being chosen. The probability that is an integer is
小提示:
以 为底的对数为整数,意味着 是 的幂
An integral base- logarithm means is a power of
大提示:
列出 的幂中所有介于 到 的数
List the powers of from through
解答:
三位整数共有 个。其中 的幂有三个,分别是 和 。因此所求概率为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
There are three-digit integers. The three powers of among them are and Thus the probability is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
19.
哪些正数 满足方程 ?
Which positive numbers satisfy the equation
只有 和
and only
只有 、 和
and only
只有形如 的数,其中 和 为正整数
only numbers of the form where and are positive integers
所有满足 的正数
all positive
以上都不对
none of these
小提示:
对左边的两个对数都使用换底公式
Apply the change-of-base formula to both logarithms on the left
大提示:
约分后,别忘了哪一个正数不能作为对数的底
After cancellation, remember which positive base is forbidden
解答:
当 时,换底公式将左边化为 约去 后得到 。当 时原式无定义。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For change of base makes the left side Canceling leaves The expression is undefined at
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
20.
如图,在三角形 中,、。若 是 的中点且 ,则 的长度是多少?
In the adjoining figure triangle is such that and If is the midpoint of and what is the length of
所给信息不足以求解
not enough information given to solve the problem
21.
设 对所有实数 都有定义; 对所有 成立;且 对所有 和 成立。下列哪些命题为真?
I.
II. 对所有 成立
III. 对所有 成立
IV. ,只要
Suppose is defined for all real numbers for all and for all and Which of the following statements are true?
I.
II. for all
III. for all
IV. if
只有 和
and only
只有 、 和
and only
只有 、 和
and only
只有 、 和
and only
全部为真。
All are true.
小提示:
依次代入 ,再将 连加三次
Substitute and then add three times
大提示:
用常函数 检验单调性命题
Test the monotonicity claim with the constant function
解答:
取 ,结合函数值为正可得 。取 ,得 。另外,,所以由函数值为正,可以在 III 中取正的立方根。但是 满足该函数方程却不是严格递增函数,因此 IV 不一定成立。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Taking and using positivity gives Taking gives Also so positivity permits the positive cube root in III. But satisfies the functional equation and is not strictly increasing, so IV need not hold.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
22.
若 和 都是质数,且 有两个不同的正整数根,则下列哪些命题为真?
I. 两根之差为奇数。
II. 至少有一个根是质数。
III. 是质数。
IV. 是质数。
If and are primes and has distinct positive integral roots, then which of the following statements are true?
I. The difference of the roots is odd.
II. At least one root is prime.
III. is prime.
IV. is prime.
只有
only
只有
only
只有 和
and only
只有 、 和
and only
全部为真。
All are true.
小提示:
两个正整数根的乘积是质数
The product of the two positive integer roots is the prime
大提示:
两根必为 ,而它们的和为质数迫使
The roots must be and their prime sum forces
解答:
两个正整数根的乘积为 ,所以两根是 和 。它们的和为 ,只有当 时这个和才是质数,此时 ,两根为 。两根之差为 ,其中一个根是质数,,且 ;因此四个命题全部成立。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The positive integer roots have product so they are and Their sum is which is prime only when giving and roots Their difference is one root is prime, and therefore all four statements hold.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
23.
如图, 和 是正方形 的相邻两边; 是 的中点; 是 的中点; 与 交于 。四边形 与正方形 的面积之比为
In the adjoining figure and are adjacent sides of square is the midpoint of is the midpoint of and and intersect at The ratio of the area of to the area of is
小提示:
在三角形 中, 和 都是中线
In triangle both and are medians
大提示:
为正方形建立坐标系,并求出重心 的坐标
Use coordinates for the square and locate the centroid
解答:
取 、。因为 是三角形 的重心,所以 。三角形 和 的面积都为 。从单位正方形中去掉这两个三角形,得到
因此,正确答案是 C。
Take Since is the centroid of triangle Triangles and each have area Removing them from the unit square leaves
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
24.
在三角形 中,、,其中 。以 为圆心、 为半径的圆与 交于 ,并与 (必要时延长)交于 和 ( 可能与 重合)。则等式
In triangle and where The circle with center and radius intersects at and intersects extended if necessary, at and at ( may coincide with ). Then
对任何 都不成立
for no values of
仅当 时成立
only if
仅当 时成立
only if
仅当 时成立
only if
对所有 都成立,其中
for all such that
小提示:
由于 ,先研究等腰三角形
Because first study the isosceles triangle
大提示:
无论 在 上还是在其延长线上,追角都可得
Whether lies on or its extension, angle chasing gives
解答:
由于 ,三角形 是等腰三角形。当 时, 位于 之间;三角形 的外角定理给出 ,所以 。当 时, 位于 的外侧;此时 ,于是 当 时,结论显然成立。因此三角形 始终是等腰三角形,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Since triangle is isosceles. For lies between ; the exterior-angle theorem in triangle gives so For lies beyond ; then hence At and the conclusion is immediate. Thus triangle is always isosceles, so
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
25.
一名女子、她的兄弟、她的儿子和她的女儿都是国际象棋棋手(所有亲属关系均为血缘关系)。水平最差者的双胞胎手足也是这四人之一,且与水平最佳者性别相反。水平最差者与水平最佳者年龄相同。谁的水平最差?
A woman, her brother, her son and her daughter are chess players (all relations by birth). The worst player’s twin (who is one of the four players) and the best player are of opposite sex. The worst player and the best player are the same age. Who is the worst player?
这名女子
the woman
她的儿子
her son
她的兄弟
her brother
她的女儿
her daughter
不存在符合所给信息的答案。
No solution is consistent with the given information.
小提示:
列出这四人中同一辈分、可能构成双胞胎的所有配对
List the only possible same-generation twin pairs among the four people
大提示:
若儿子水平最差,他的双胞胎手足是女儿,而水平最佳者可以是女子的兄弟
If the son is worst, his twin is the daughter and the best can be the brother
解答:
若儿子水平最差,则女儿可以是他的双胞胎手足,女子的兄弟可以是水平最佳者;儿子与这位兄弟可能同岁,因此所有条件都能满足。若女子水平最差,则她的兄弟是其双胞胎,女儿必须水平最佳,但母女不可能同岁。若兄弟水平最差,则女子是其双胞胎,儿子必须水平最佳,年龄条件仍不可能满足。若女儿水平最差,则儿子是其双胞胎,女子必须水平最佳,同样不可能同岁。因此只有儿子符合条件。
因此,正确答案是 B。
If the son is worst, the daughter can be his twin and the brother can be best; the son and brother may have the same age, so all conditions can hold. If the woman is worst, the brother is her twin and the daughter must be best, but mother and daughter cannot be the same age. If the brother is worst, the woman is his twin and the son must be best, again impossible in age. If the daughter is worst, her twin is the son and the woman must be best, also impossible in age. Thus only the son works.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
26.
在锐角三角形 中, 的角平分线与边 交于 。以 为圆心、 为半径的圆与边 交于 ;以 为圆心、 为半径的圆与边 交于 。则恒有
In acute triangle the bisector of meets side at The circle with center and radius intersects side at and the circle with center and radius intersects side at Then it is always true that
是梯形
is a trapezoid
平行于
is parallel to
小提示:
利用 及角平分线定理
Use and the angle bisector theorem
大提示:
证明 ,再应用三角形一边平行线判定定理
Show that and apply the converse of the side-splitter theorem
解答:
由角平分线定理, 因为 且 ,所以 。因此, 与 在 与 上分别从 与 两端按相同比例分割,由三角形一边平行线判定定理可得 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The angle bisector theorem gives Since and we have Therefore and divide and proportionally from and so the converse of the side-splitter theorem gives
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
27.
若 、、 是方程 的三个不同根,则 等于
If and are distinct roots of then equals
以上都不对
none of these
小提示:
用韦达定理求 和
Use Vieta to find and
大提示:
先计算 ,再将三个根所满足的方程相加
First compute then add the three equations satisfied by the roots
解答:
由韦达定理得 且 。因此 每个根 都满足 。将三个根对应的等式相加,得到 这个数不在选项 A 到 D 中。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Vieta gives and Thus Each root satisfies Summing over the three roots yields This is not among choices A–D.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
28.
如图,在三角形 中, 是边 的中点,、。点 和 分别取在 和 上,直线 与 交于 。若 ,则 等于
In triangle shown in the adjoining figure, is the midpoint of side and Points and are taken on and respectively, and lines and intersect at If then equals
所给信息不足以求解
not enough information given to solve the problem
小提示:
将 分别表示为向量 ,它们均从 出发
Represent by vectors from
大提示:
若 ,则 ;令该点在 方向的系数相等,使其同时位于 与 上
If then equate the coefficients of a point on and on
解答:
将 置于原点,并将 的位置向量分别记为 。若 ,则 、,所以 。令 。因为 也位于中线 上,所以它在 与 方向的系数相等: 因此 。沿着 ,并有 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Put at the origin and write the position vectors of as If then and so Write Because also lies on the median its and coefficients are equal: Hence Along and so
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
29.
大于 的最小整数是多少?
What is the smallest integer larger than
小提示:
将该式与其共轭式 配对
Pair the expression with its conjugate
大提示:
两式之和为整数,而共轭式的值严格介于 与 之间
Their sum is an integer, while the conjugate term lies strictly between and
解答:
令 、。将它们的六次方相加,所有含奇次根式的项都会抵消: 因为 ,所以 。因此,大于它的最小整数为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let and Adding their sixth powers cancels all odd radical terms: Since we have Thus the smallest larger integer is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.