2023 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,边长 AB=13AB = 13BC=14BC = 14CA=15CA = 15,令 MMBC\overline{BC} 的中点。令 PPABC\triangle ABC 外接圆上的一点,使得 MMAP\overline{AP} 上。在线段 AM\overline{AM} 上存在唯一一点 QQ,使得 PBQ=PCQ\angle PBQ = \angle PCQ。则 AQAQ 可写为 mn\frac{m}{\sqrt{n}},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

In ABC\triangle ABC with side lengths AB=13,AB = 13, BC=14,BC = 14, and CA=15,CA = 15, let MM be the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. Let PP be the point on the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC such that MM is on AP.\overline{AP}. There exists a unique point QQ on segment AM\overline{AM} such that PBQ=PCQ.\angle PBQ = \angle PCQ. Then AQAQ can be written as mn,\frac{m}{\sqrt{n}}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:247
知识点:坐标几何圆幂向量
难度评级:3160
解答:

B=(0,0)B = (0, 0)C=(14,0)C = (14, 0)A=(5,12)A = (5, 12),则 M=(7,0)M = (7, 0),并且 AM=4+144=237AM = \sqrt{4 + 144} = 2\sqrt{37}。由点 MM 关于外接圆的幂,MAMP=MBMC=49MA \cdot MP = MB \cdot MC = 49,所以 MP=49237MP = \frac{49}{2\sqrt{37}}。从 AMA \to M 的方向继续延长这段长度,得到 P=(56774,14737)P = \left(\frac{567}{74}, -\frac{147}{37}\right)。向量 BP\overrightarrow{BP} 的方向与 (27,14)(27, -14) 成比例,向量 CP\overrightarrow{CP} 的方向与 (67,42)-(67, 42) 成比例。

Q=(5+2t, 1212t)Q = (5 + 2t,\ 12 - 12t),其中 t(0,1)t \in (0, 1),于是 AQ=tAMAQ = t \cdot AM。 用 tanθ=u×vuv\tan\theta = \frac{|u \times v|}{u \cdot v} 表示两条射线夹角的正切,得 tanPBQ=394296t222t33,tanPCQ=1182888t370t+99, \begin{gathered} \tan\angle PBQ = \frac{394 - 296t}{222t - 33}, \\ \tan\angle PCQ = \frac{1182 - 888t}{370t + 99}, \end{gathered} 第二个分子恰好是 3(394296t)3(394 - 296t)。令两个正切相等,约去这个公共因子,留下 370t+99=3(222t33)370t + 99 = 3(222t - 33),所以 296t=198296t = 198t=99148t = \frac{99}{148}

因而 AQ=99148237AQ = \frac{99}{148} \cdot 2\sqrt{37} =99148148= \frac{99}{148}\sqrt{148} =99148= \frac{99}{\sqrt{148}},由于 gcd(99,148)=1\gcd(99, 148) = 1,答案是 99+148=24799 + 148 = 247

Place B=(0,0),B = (0, 0), C=(14,0),C = (14, 0), A=(5,12),A = (5, 12), so M=(7,0)M = (7, 0) and AM=4+144=237.AM = \sqrt{4 + 144} = 2\sqrt{37}. By power of the point MM in the circumcircle, MAMP=MBMC=49,MA \cdot MP = MB \cdot MC = 49, so MP=49237MP = \frac{49}{2\sqrt{37}} and extending AMA \to M by that length gives P=(56774,14737).P = \left(\frac{567}{74}, -\frac{147}{37}\right). The direction of BP\overrightarrow{BP} is proportional to (27,14),(27, -14), and the direction of CP\overrightarrow{CP} is proportional to (67,42).-(67, 42).

Write Q=(5+2t, 1212t)Q = (5 + 2t,\ 12 - 12t) for t(0,1),t \in (0, 1), so that AQ=tAM.AQ = t \cdot AM. Using tanθ=u×vuv\tan\theta = \frac{|u \times v|}{u \cdot v} for the angle between rays, tanPBQ=394296t222t33,tanPCQ=1182888t370t+99, \begin{gathered} \tan\angle PBQ = \frac{394 - 296t}{222t - 33}, \\ \tan\angle PCQ = \frac{1182 - 888t}{370t + 99}, \end{gathered} and the second numerator is exactly 3(394296t).3(394 - 296t). Setting the two tangents equal cancels this common factor and leaves 370t+99=3(222t33),370t + 99 = 3(222t - 33), so 296t=198296t = 198 and t=99148.t = \frac{99}{148}.

Then AQ=99148237AQ = \frac{99}{148} \cdot 2\sqrt{37} =99148148= \frac{99}{148}\sqrt{148} =99148,= \frac{99}{\sqrt{148}}, and since gcd(99,148)=1,\gcd(99, 148) = 1, the answer is 99+148=247.99 + 148 = 247.

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