2018 AIME II 第 12 题

先试着解答 2018 AIME II 第 12 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2018 AIME II 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

ABCDABCD 为凸四边形,且 AB=CD=10AB = CD = 10BC=14BC = 14AD=265AD = 2\sqrt{65}。假设 ABCDABCD 的对角线交于点 PP,并且三角形 APBAPBCPDCPD 的面积之和等于三角形 BPCBPCAPDAPD 的面积之和。求四边形 ABCDABCD 的面积。

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral with AB=CD=10,AB = CD = 10, BC=14,BC = 14, and AD=265.AD = 2\sqrt{65}. Assume that the diagonals of ABCDABCD intersect at point P,P, and that the sum of the areas of triangles APBAPB and CPDCPD equals the sum of the areas of triangles BPCBPC and APD.APD. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.ABCD.

答案:112
知识点:余弦定理三角形面积方程组
难度评级:3160
解答:

a=APa = APb=BPb = BPc=CPc = CPd=DPd = DP,并设 θ=CPD\theta = \angle CPD。由于 sin(πθ)=sinθ\sin(\pi - \theta) = \sin\theta,等面积条件 12(ab+cd)sinθ\frac{1}{2}(ab + cd)\sin\theta =12(ad+bc)sinθ= \frac{1}{2}(ad + bc)\sin\theta 化简为 (ac)(db)=0(a - c)(d - b) = 0。由对称性,不妨设 a=ca = c

在三角形 BPCBPCAPBAPB 中用余弦定理(它们在 PP 处的角互补),得到 a2+b2+2abcosθ=196a^2 + b^2 + 2ab\cos\theta = 196a2+b22abcosθ=100a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos\theta = 100,所以 a2+b2=148a^2 + b^2 = 148,且 abcosθ=24ab\cos\theta = 24。同理,三角形 APDAPDCPDCPD 给出 a2+d2=180a^2 + d^2 = 180adcosθ=40ad\cos\theta = 40。相除得 db=53\frac{d}{b} = \frac{5}{3},而相减得 d2b2=32d^2 - b^2 = 32;于是 b=32b = 3\sqrt{2}d=52d = 5\sqrt{2}a2=130a^2 = 130,并且 cos2θ=24213018=1665\cos^2\theta = \frac{24^2}{130 \cdot 18} = \frac{16}{65},所以 sinθ=765\sin\theta = \frac{7}{\sqrt{65}}

总面积为 12(a+c)(b+d)sinθ=a(b+d)sinθ=13082765=112. \begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2}(a + c)(b + d) \\ &\quad {}\cdot \sin\theta \\ &= a(b + d)\sin\theta \\ &= \sqrt{130} \cdot 8\sqrt{2} \\ &\quad {}\cdot \frac{7}{\sqrt{65}} \\ &= 112. \end{aligned}

Let a=AP,a = AP, b=BP,b = BP, c=CP,c = CP, d=DP,d = DP, and let θ=CPD.\theta = \angle CPD. Since sin(πθ)=sinθ,\sin(\pi - \theta) = \sin\theta, the equal-area condition 12(ab+cd)sinθ\frac{1}{2}(ab + cd)\sin\theta =12(ad+bc)sinθ= \frac{1}{2}(ad + bc)\sin\theta simplifies to (ac)(db)=0.(a - c)(d - b) = 0. By symmetry assume a=c.a = c.

The law of cosines in triangles BPCBPC and APBAPB (whose angles at PP are supplementary) gives a2+b2+2abcosθ=196a^2 + b^2 + 2ab\cos\theta = 196 and a2+b22abcosθ=100,a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos\theta = 100, so a2+b2=148a^2 + b^2 = 148 and abcosθ=24.ab\cos\theta = 24. Similarly triangles APDAPD and CPDCPD give a2+d2=180a^2 + d^2 = 180 and adcosθ=40.ad\cos\theta = 40. Dividing, db=53,\frac{d}{b} = \frac{5}{3}, while subtracting gives d2b2=32;d^2 - b^2 = 32; hence b=32,b = 3\sqrt{2}, d=52,d = 5\sqrt{2}, a2=130,a^2 = 130, and cos2θ=24213018=1665,\cos^2\theta = \frac{24^2}{130 \cdot 18} = \frac{16}{65}, so sinθ=765.\sin\theta = \frac{7}{\sqrt{65}}.

The total area is 12(a+c)(b+d)sinθ=a(b+d)sinθ=13082765=112. \begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2}(a + c)(b + d) \\ &\quad {}\cdot \sin\theta \\ &= a(b + d)\sin\theta \\ &= \sqrt{130} \cdot 8\sqrt{2} \\ &\quad {}\cdot \frac{7}{\sqrt{65}} \\ &= 112. \end{aligned}

← 第 11 题#11
完整试卷

其他年份的第 12 题