2016 AIME II 第 10 题

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10.

三角形 ABCABC 内接于圆 ω\omega。点 PPQQ 在边 AB\overline{AB} 上,且 AP<AQAP \lt AQ。射线 CPCPCQCQ 分别再次交 ω\omegaSSTT(不同于 CC)。若 AP=4AP = 4PQ=3PQ = 3QB=6QB = 6BT=5BT = 5AS=7AS = 7,且 ST=mnST = \frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数,求 m+nm + n

Triangle ABCABC is inscribed in circle ω.\omega. Points PP and QQ are on side AB\overline{AB} with AP<AQ.AP \lt AQ. Rays CPCP and CQCQ meet ω\omega again at SS and TT (other than CC), respectively. If AP=4,AP = 4, PQ=3,PQ = 3, QB=6,QB = 6, BT=5,BT = 5, and AS=7,AS = 7, then ST=mn,ST = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:43
知识点:圆幂圆内接四边形导角相似
难度评级:3060
解答:

QQ 对圆 ω\omega 的幂,QCQT=QAQBQC \cdot QT = QA \cdot QB =76=42= 7 \cdot 6 = 42。将 AB\overline{AB}BB 外延长到点 RR,使 BR=8BR = 8,于是 QR=QB+BR=14QR = QB + BR = 14,且 QPQR=314QP \cdot QR = 3 \cdot 14 =42=QCQT= 42 = QC \cdot QT。由点幂定理的逆定理,CCPPTTRR 共圆。

在圆 CPTRCPTR 中,BRT=PRT=PCT\angle BRT = \angle PRT = \angle PCT;在 ω\omega 中,PCT=SCT=SAT\angle PCT = \angle SCT = \angle SAT(它们都对弧 STST)。此外 ASTBASTB 共圆,所以这个四边形在 BB 处的外角等于对面的内角:RBT=AST\angle RBT = \angle AST。因此 ASTRBT\triangle AST \sim \triangle RBT

因此 STBT=ASRB\frac{ST}{BT} = \frac{AS}{RB},所以 ST=578=358ST = 5 \cdot \frac{7}{8} = \frac{35}{8},从而 m+n=35+8=43m + n = 35 + 8 = 43

By Power of a Point at QQ in ω,\omega, QCQT=QAQBQC \cdot QT = QA \cdot QB =76=42.= 7 \cdot 6 = 42. Extend AB\overline{AB} beyond BB to the point RR with BR=8,BR = 8, so that QR=QB+BR=14QR = QB + BR = 14 and QPQR=314QP \cdot QR = 3 \cdot 14 =42=QCQT.= 42 = QC \cdot QT. By the converse of Power of a Point, C,C, P,P, T,T, and RR are concyclic.

In circle CPTR,CPTR, BRT=PRT=PCT,\angle BRT = \angle PRT = \angle PCT, and in ω,\omega, PCT=SCT=SAT\angle PCT = \angle SCT = \angle SAT (both subtend arc STST). Also ASTBASTB is cyclic, so the exterior angle of the quadrilateral at BB equals the opposite interior angle: RBT=AST.\angle RBT = \angle AST. Hence ASTRBT.\triangle AST \sim \triangle RBT.

Therefore STBT=ASRB,\frac{ST}{BT} = \frac{AS}{RB}, so ST=578=358,ST = 5 \cdot \frac{7}{8} = \frac{35}{8}, and m+n=35+8=43.m + n = 35 + 8 = 43.

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