2014 AIME II 第 14 题

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14.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=10AB = 10A=30\angle A = 30^\circC=45\angle C = 45^\circ。设 HHDDMM 是直线 BC\overline{BC} 上的点,满足 AHBC\overline{AH} \perp \overline{BC}BAD=CAD\angle BAD = \angle CAD,且 BM=CMBM = CM。点 NN 是线段 HM\overline{HM} 的中点,点 PP 在射线 ADAD 上且 PNBC\overline{PN} \perp \overline{BC}。于是 AP2=mnAP^2 = \frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

In ABC,\triangle ABC, AB=10,AB = 10, A=30,\angle A = 30^\circ, and C=45.\angle C = 45^\circ. Let H,H, D,D, and MM be points on line BC\overline{BC} such that AHBC,\overline{AH} \perp \overline{BC}, BAD=CAD,\angle BAD = \angle CAD, and BM=CM.BM = CM. Point NN is the midpoint of segment HM,\overline{HM}, and point PP is on ray ADAD such that PNBC.\overline{PN} \perp \overline{BC}. Then AP2=mn,AP^2 = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:77
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径角平分线正弦定理中点
难度评级:3160
解答:

设射线 ADADABC\triangle ABC 的外接圆再次交于 EE。因为 ADAD 平分角 AA,点 EE 是弧 BCBC 的中点,所以 EEBC\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线上,并投影到直线 BCBC 上的点 MM。共线点 AAPPEE 到直线 BCBC 的投影分别为 HHNNMM,而投影保持同一直线上的比例;由于 NNHM\overline{HM} 的中点,点 PPAE\overline{AE} 的中点。

这里 B=105\angle B = 105^\circ,且 CBE=CAE=15\angle CBE = \angle CAE = 15^\circ(都对着弧 CECE),所以 ABE=120\angle ABE = 120^\circ。又 AEB=ACB=45\angle AEB = \angle ACB = 45^\circ(都对着弧 ABAB)。在 ABE\triangle ABE 中由正弦定理得到 AE=ABsinABEsinAEB=10sin120sin45=56. \begin{aligned} AE &= AB \cdot \frac{\sin \angle ABE}{\sin \angle AEB} \\ &= 10 \cdot \frac{\sin 120^\circ}{\sin 45^\circ} \\ &= 5\sqrt{6}. \end{aligned}

因此 AP=12AE=562AP = \frac{1}{2} AE = \frac{5\sqrt{6}}{2},所以 AP2=752AP^2 = \frac{75}{2},且 m+n=75+2=77m + n = 75 + 2 = 77

Let ray ADAD meet the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC again at E.E. Since ADAD bisects angle A,A, the point EE is the midpoint of arc BC,BC, so EE lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC\overline{BC} and projects onto line BCBC at M.M. The projections of the collinear points A,A, P,P, EE onto line BCBC are H,H, N,N, M,M, and projection preserves ratios along a line; since NN is the midpoint of HM,\overline{HM}, point PP is the midpoint of AE.\overline{AE}.

Here B=105,\angle B = 105^\circ, and CBE=CAE=15\angle CBE = \angle CAE = 15^\circ (both subtend arc CECE), so ABE=120.\angle ABE = 120^\circ. Also AEB=ACB=45\angle AEB = \angle ACB = 45^\circ (both subtend arc ABAB). The law of sines in ABE\triangle ABE gives AE=ABsinABEsinAEB=10sin120sin45=56. \begin{aligned} AE &= AB \cdot \frac{\sin \angle ABE}{\sin \angle AEB} \\ &= 10 \cdot \frac{\sin 120^\circ}{\sin 45^\circ} \\ &= 5\sqrt{6}. \end{aligned}

Therefore AP=12AE=562,AP = \frac{1}{2} AE = \frac{5\sqrt{6}}{2}, so AP2=752AP^2 = \frac{75}{2} and m+n=75+2=77.m + n = 75 + 2 = 77.

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