2012 AIME I 第 12 题

先试着解答 2012 AIME I 第 12 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2012 AIME I 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

ABC\triangle ABC 是直角三角形,直角在 CC。点 DDEEAB\overline{AB} 上,且 DD 位于 AAEE 之间,并且 CD\overline{CD}CE\overline{CE} 三等分 C\angle C。若 DEBE=815\frac{DE}{BE} = \frac{8}{15},则 tanB\tan B 可写成 mpn\frac{m\sqrt{p}}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数,pp 是不被任何素数平方整除的正整数。求 m+n+pm + n + p

Let ABC\triangle ABC be a right triangle with right angle at C.C. Let DD and EE be points on AB\overline{AB} with DD between AA and EE such that CD\overline{CD} and CE\overline{CE} trisect C.\angle C. If DEBE=815,\frac{DE}{BE} = \frac{8}{15}, then tanB\tan B can be written as mpn,\frac{m\sqrt{p}}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, and pp is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:18
知识点:角平分线定理余弦定理三角学
难度评级:2840
解答:

两条三等分线使 ACD=DCE=ECB\angle ACD = \angle DCE = \angle ECB =30= 30^\circ。在三角形 DCBDCB 中,射线 CECE 平分 6060^\circ 的角 DCBDCB,所以由角平分线定理, CDCB=DEEB=815\frac{CD}{CB} = \frac{DE}{EB} = \frac{8}{15}。把三角形按比例放大或缩小,使 CD=8CD = 8CB=15CB = 15

在三角形 DCBDCB 中用余弦定理, BD2=82+1522815cos60=169, \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= 8^2 + 15^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 8 \cdot 15 \cos 60^\circ \\ &= 169, \end{aligned} 所以 BD=13BD = 13。在同一三角形中再用余弦定理, 82=132+15221315cosB8^2 = 13^2 + 15^2 - 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 15 \cos B,得到 cosB=1113\cos B = \frac{11}{13}

因此 sinB=1121169=4313\sin B = \sqrt{1 - \frac{121}{169}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{13},所以 tanB=4311\tan B = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{11},并且 m+n+p=4+11+3=18m + n + p = 4 + 11 + 3 = 18

The trisectors make ACD=DCE=ECB\angle ACD = \angle DCE = \angle ECB =30.= 30^\circ. In triangle DCB,DCB, ray CECE bisects the 6060^\circ angle DCB,DCB, so the angle bisector theorem gives CDCB=DEEB=815.\frac{CD}{CB} = \frac{DE}{EB} = \frac{8}{15}. Scale the triangle so that CD=8CD = 8 and CB=15.CB = 15.

By the Law of Cosines in triangle DCB,DCB, BD2=82+1522815cos60=169, \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= 8^2 + 15^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 8 \cdot 15 \cos 60^\circ \\ &= 169, \end{aligned} so BD=13.BD = 13. Applying the Law of Cosines again in the same triangle, 82=132+15221315cosB,8^2 = 13^2 + 15^2 - 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 15 \cos B, which gives cosB=1113.\cos B = \frac{11}{13}.

Then sinB=1121169=4313,\sin B = \sqrt{1 - \frac{121}{169}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{13}, so tanB=4311\tan B = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{11} and m+n+p=4+11+3=18.m + n + p = 4 + 11 + 3 = 18.

← 第 11 题#11
完整试卷

其他年份的第 12 题