2006 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

等边 ABC\triangle ABC 内接于半径为 22 的圆。将 AB\overline{AB} 经过 BB 延长到点 DD,使 AD=13AD = 13, 并将 AC\overline{AC} 经过 CC 延长到点 EE,使 AE=11AE = 11。 过 DD, 作直线 1\ell_1 平行于 AE\overline{AE}, 过 EE, 作直线 2\ell_2 平行于 AD\overline{AD}。 令 FF1\ell_12\ell_2 的交点。令 GG 为圆上与 AAFF 共线且不同于 AA 的点。已知 CBG\triangle CBG 的面积可表示为 pqr\frac{p\sqrt{q}}{r}, 其中 ppqq, 和 rr 是正整数,pprr 互质,且 qq 不被任何质数的平方整除,求 p+q+rp + q + r

Equilateral ABC\triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle of radius 2.2. Extend AB\overline{AB} through BB to point DD so that AD=13,AD = 13, and extend AC\overline{AC} through CC to point EE so that AE=11.AE = 11. Through D,D, draw a line 1\ell_1 parallel to AE,\overline{AE}, and through E,E, draw a line 2\ell_2 parallel to AD.\overline{AD}. Let FF be the intersection of 1\ell_1 and 2.\ell_2. Let GG be the point on the circle that is collinear with AA and FF and distinct from A.A. Given that the area of CBG\triangle CBG can be expressed in the form pqr,\frac{p\sqrt{q}}{r}, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive integers, pp and rr are relatively prime, and qq is not divisible by the square of any prime, find p+q+r.p + q + r.

答案:865
知识点:相似圆周角余弦定理平行四边形
难度评级:3060
解答:

根据构造,ADFEADFE 是平行四边形,其中 AD=13AD = 13DF=AE=11DF = AE = 11, 且 ADF=180DAE\angle ADF = 180^\circ - \angle DAE =120= 120^\circ。 因此 [ADF]=121311sin120[ADF] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \sin 120^\circ =14334= \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4}, 由余弦定理, AF2=132+11221311cos120=169+121+143=433. \begin{aligned} AF^2 &= 13^2 + 11^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \cos 120^\circ \\ &= 169 + 121 + 143 \\ &= 433. \end{aligned}

因为 GG 在圆上,圆周角给出 GCB=GAB=FAD\angle GCB = \angle GAB = \angle FAD (都截同一段弧 GBGB)以及 CBG=CAG\angle CBG = \angle CAG(都截同一段弧 CGCG);并且 CAG=AFD\angle CAG = \angle AFD,因为 AEDF\overline{AE} \parallel \overline{DF}。 所以 CBGAFD\triangle CBG \sim \triangle AFD,相似比为 CBAF\frac{CB}{AF} 内接于半径 22 的圆的 等边三角形边长为 BC=23BC = 2\sqrt{3}

因此 且 p+q+rp + q + r =429+3+433= 429 + 3 + 433 =865= 865[CBG]=(23433)214334=1243314334=4293433, \begin{aligned} [CBG] &= \left(\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{433}}\right)^2 \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{12}{433} \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{429\sqrt{3}}{433}, \end{aligned}

By construction ADFEADFE is a parallelogram with AD=13,AD = 13, DF=AE=11,DF = AE = 11, and ADF=180DAE\angle ADF = 180^\circ - \angle DAE =120.= 120^\circ. Hence [ADF]=121311sin120[ADF] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \sin 120^\circ =14334,= \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4}, and by the law of cosines, AF2=132+11221311cos120=169+121+143=433. \begin{aligned} AF^2 &= 13^2 + 11^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 13 \cdot 11 \cos 120^\circ \\ &= 169 + 121 + 143 \\ &= 433. \end{aligned}

Since GG lies on the circle, inscribed angles give GCB=GAB=FAD\angle GCB = \angle GAB = \angle FAD (both subtend arc GBGB) and CBG=CAG\angle CBG = \angle CAG (both subtend arc CGCG); and CAG=AFD\angle CAG = \angle AFD because AEDF.\overline{AE} \parallel \overline{DF}. So CBGAFD\triangle CBG \sim \triangle AFD with ratio CBAF.\frac{CB}{AF}. The side of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle of radius 22 is BC=23.BC = 2\sqrt{3}.

Therefore [CBG]=(23433)214334=1243314334=4293433, \begin{aligned} [CBG] &= \left(\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{433}}\right)^2 \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{12}{433} \cdot \frac{143\sqrt{3}}{4} \\ &= \frac{429\sqrt{3}}{433}, \end{aligned} and p+q+rp + q + r =429+3+433= 429 + 3 + 433 =865.= 865.

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