2006 AIME I 第 12 题

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12.

求所有满足 cos33x+cos35x\cos^3 3x + \cos^3 5x =8cos34xcos3x= 8 \cos^3 4x \cos^3 xxx 的值之和, 其中 xx 以度为单位,且 100<x<200100 \lt x \lt 200

Find the sum of the values of xx such that cos33x+cos35x\cos^3 3x + \cos^3 5x =8cos34xcos3x,= 8 \cos^3 4x \cos^3 x, where xx is measured in degrees and 100<x<200.100 \lt x \lt 200.

答案:906
知识点:三角恒等式立方和与立方差分类讨论
难度评级:2990
解答:

由积化和差恒等式,2cos4xcosx=cos5x+cos3x2 \cos 4x \cos x = \cos 5x + \cos 3x,所以右边为 (cos5x+cos3x)3(\cos 5x + \cos 3x)^3。令 y=cos3xy = \cos 3xz=cos5xz = \cos 5x,方程变为 y3+z3=(y+z)3y^3 + z^3 = (y + z)^3,而 (y+z)3y3z3=3yz(y+z)(y+z)^3 - y^3 - z^3 = 3yz(y + z),所以它成立当且仅当 cos3x=0,cos5x=0, \begin{aligned} \cos 3x &= 0, \\ \cos 5x &= 0, \end{aligned} cos4xcosx=0. \cos 4x \cos x = 0.

100<x<200100 \lt x \lt 200(单位为度):cos3x=0\cos 3x = 0 给出 x=150x = 150cos5x=0\cos 5x = 0 给出 x=126x = 126162162198198cos4x=0\cos 4x = 0 给出 x=112.5x = 112.5157.5157.5; 而 cosx=0\cos x = 0 在该区间内无解。

和为 150+126+162+198+112.5+157.5=906. \begin{aligned} &150 + 126 + 162 \\ &\quad {}+ 198 + 112.5 + 157.5 \\ &= 906. \end{aligned}

By the product-to-sum identity, 2cos4xcosx=cos5x+cos3x,2 \cos 4x \cos x = \cos 5x + \cos 3x, so the right side is (cos5x+cos3x)3.(\cos 5x + \cos 3x)^3. Setting y=cos3xy = \cos 3x and z=cos5x,z = \cos 5x, the equation becomes y3+z3=(y+z)3,y^3 + z^3 = (y + z)^3, and since (y+z)3y3z3=3yz(y+z),(y+z)^3 - y^3 - z^3 = 3yz(y + z), it holds exactly when cos3x=0,cos5x=0, \begin{aligned} \cos 3x &= 0, \\ \cos 5x &= 0, \end{aligned} or cos4xcosx=0. \cos 4x \cos x = 0.

For 100<x<200100 \lt x \lt 200 in degrees: cos3x=0\cos 3x = 0 gives x=150;x = 150; cos5x=0\cos 5x = 0 gives x=126,x = 126, 162,162, 198;198; cos4x=0\cos 4x = 0 gives x=112.5,x = 112.5, 157.5;157.5; and cosx=0\cos x = 0 gives no solutions in the interval.

The sum is 150+126+162+198+112.5+157.5=906. \begin{aligned} &150 + 126 + 162 \\ &\quad {}+ 198 + 112.5 + 157.5 \\ &= 906. \end{aligned}

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