2002 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

在下图中,角 ABCABC 是直角。点 DDBC\overline{BC} 上,且 AD\overline{AD} 平分角 CABCAB。点 EEFF 分别在 AB\overline{AB}AC\overline{AC} 上,满足 AE=3AE = 3AF=10AF = 10。已知 EB=9EB = 9FC=27FC = 27,求最接近四边形 DCFGDCFG 面积的整数。

In the diagram below, angle ABCABC is a right angle. Point DD is on BC,\overline{BC}, and AD\overline{AD} bisects angle CAB.CAB. Points EE and FF are on AB\overline{AB} and AC,\overline{AC}, respectively, so that AE=3AE = 3 and AF=10.AF = 10. Given that EB=9EB = 9 and FC=27,FC = 27, find the integer closest to the area of quadrilateral DCFG.DCFG.

答案:148
知识点:角平分线定理面积比勾股定理
难度评级:2720
解答:

这里 AB=3+9=12AB = 3 + 9 = 12AC=10+27=37AC = 10 + 27 = 37。角 BB 为直角,所以 BC=372122=35BC = \sqrt{37^2 - 12^2} = 35,且 [ABC]=121235=210[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 12 \cdot 35 = 210。这个四边形是从三角形 ADCADC 中去掉三角形 AGFAGF 后剩下的部分,其中 GGAD\overline{AD}EF\overline{EF} 的交点。

在三角形 ABCABC 中,由角平分线定理 BD:DC=AB:AC=12:37BD : DC = AB : AC = 12 : 37,所以 [ADC]=3749210=11107[ADC] = \frac{37}{49} \cdot 210 = \frac{1110}{7}。在三角形 AEFAEF 中,射线 AGAG 平分同一个角, 所以 EG:GF=AE:AF=3:10EG : GF = AE : AF = 3 : 10,从而 [AGF]=1013[AEF][AGF] = \frac{10}{13}\,[AEF]。又 [AEF]=AEABAFAC[ABC][AEF] = \frac{AE}{AB} \cdot \frac{AF}{AC}\,[ABC] =3121037210= \frac{3}{12} \cdot \frac{10}{37} \cdot 210 =52537= \frac{525}{37}

因此 最接近的整数为 148148[DCFG]=11107101352537=111075250481158.5710.92=147.66, \begin{aligned} [DCFG] &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{10}{13} \cdot \frac{525}{37} \\ &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{5250}{481} \\ &\approx 158.57 - 10.92 \\ &= 147.66, \end{aligned}

Here AB=3+9=12,AB = 3 + 9 = 12, AC=10+27=37,AC = 10 + 27 = 37, and angle BB is right, so BC=372122=35BC = \sqrt{37^2 - 12^2} = 35 and [ABC]=121235=210.[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 12 \cdot 35 = 210. The quadrilateral is triangle ADCADC with triangle AGFAGF removed, where GG is the intersection of AD\overline{AD} and EF.\overline{EF}.

By the angle bisector theorem in triangle ABC,ABC, BD:DC=AB:AC=12:37,BD : DC = AB : AC = 12 : 37, so [ADC]=3749210=11107.[ADC] = \frac{37}{49} \cdot 210 = \frac{1110}{7}. In triangle AEF,AEF, ray AGAG bisects the same angle, so EG:GF=AE:AF=3:10EG : GF = AE : AF = 3 : 10 and [AGF]=1013[AEF].[AGF] = \frac{10}{13}\,[AEF]. Also [AEF]=AEABAFAC[ABC][AEF] = \frac{AE}{AB} \cdot \frac{AF}{AC}\,[ABC] =3121037210= \frac{3}{12} \cdot \frac{10}{37} \cdot 210 =52537.= \frac{525}{37}.

Therefore [DCFG]=11107101352537=111075250481158.5710.92=147.66, \begin{aligned} [DCFG] &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{10}{13} \cdot \frac{525}{37} \\ &= \frac{1110}{7} - \frac{5250}{481} \\ &\approx 158.57 - 10.92 \\ &= 147.66, \end{aligned} and the closest integer is 148.148.

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