2022 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
2.
三个数的和为 。第一个数是第三个数的 倍,第三个数比第二个数少 。第一个数与第二个数之差的绝对值是多少?
The sum of three numbers is The first number is times the third number, and the third number is less than the second number. What is the absolute value of the difference between the first and second numbers?
小提示:
令第三个数为 并用 表示另外两个数
Let the third number be and write the others in terms of
大提示:
第一个数是 ,第二个数是 ,它们的和为 。
The first is the second is and they sum to
解答:
令第三个数为 。那么第一个数是 ,第二个数是 。它们的和为 所以 。
第一个数是 ,第二个数是 , 因此差的绝对值为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the third number be Then the first is and the second is Their sum is so
The first number is and the second is so the difference has absolute value
Thus, the correct answer is E.
3.
五个矩形 ,,,,和 ,如下图所示排列成一个正方形。这些矩形的尺寸分别为 ,,,,和 。(图形未按比例绘制。)中间的阴影矩形是这五个矩形中的哪一个?
Five rectangles, and are arranged in a square as shown below. These rectangles have dimensions and respectively. (The figure is not drawn to scale.) Which of the five rectangles is the shaded one in the middle?
小提示:
五个矩形的面积之和就是正方形的面积,这可以确定边长
The five areas add to the square’s area, which fixes the side length
大提示:
先把大的 和 矩形放在角上,再放入其余矩形
Anchor the large and pieces in corners, then fit the rest
解答:
五个矩形的面积分别为 ,和 ,总和为 。所以这个正方形是 。
将 ()放在左上方,()沿右边放置, ()放在左下方,()沿底边放置,会留下一个中间的 空隙,正好是矩形 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The five areas are and which sum to So the square is
Placing () across the top left, () up the right side, () in the lower left, and () along the bottom leaves a central gap, which is exactly rectangle
Thus, the correct answer is B.
4.
正整数 与 的最小公倍数为 ,且 与 的最大公因数为 。求 的各位数字之和。
The least common multiple of a positive integer and is and the greatest common divisor of and is What is the sum of the digits of
小提示:
分解 看 需要比 多提供哪些质因数幂
Factor and see which powers must supply beyond
大提示:
表明其中恰有一个因数 ,且至少有一个因数
forces exactly one factor of and at least one factor of
解答:
因为 ,且 ,条件 强制 提供 和 ,同时 的幂次至多为 。
由 ,可知 中 的幂次恰为 , 的幂次至少为 。
因此 ,其各位数字之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since and the condition forces to contribute and with its power of at most
From the power of in is exactly and the power of is at least
Therefore whose digits sum to
Thus, the correct answer is B.
5.
在坐标平面中,点 与 的出租车距离定义为 。有多少个整数坐标点 ,使得 到原点的出租车距离小于或等于 ?
Let the taxicab distance between points and in the coordinate plane be given by For how many points with integer coordinates is the taxicab distance between and the origin less than or equal to
小提示:
分别计数每个“菱形” 上的格点
Count the lattice points on each “diamond” separately
大提示:
当 时, 上有 个点,另外还有原点
There are points with for plus the origin
解答:
对每个 ,集合 恰有 个格点,而 时只有原点一个点。
总数为
因此,正确答案是 C。
For each the set contains exactly lattice points, and gives the single origin.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
6.
一个数据集由 个不一定互异的正整数组成:,,,,,和 。这 个数的平均数等于数据集中的某个数。所有正的 值之和是多少?
A data set consists of (not distinct) positive integers: and The average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers equals a value in the data set. What is the sum of all positive values of
小提示:
五个已知数之和为 ,所以平均数是 。
The five known numbers sum to so the mean is
大提示:
平均数必须等于 ,或 ;其中只有一些会给出正的 。
The mean must equal one of or only some give positive
解答:
已知数的和为 ,所以平均数为 ,且它必须等于数据集中的某个数。
令它等于 得 ;等于 得 ;等于 本身得 ,所以 。等于 或 会给出负的 。
符合条件的正值为 ,总和为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The known numbers sum to so the mean is which must equal an element of the set.
Setting it to gives to gives and to itself gives so Values and give negative
The positive values are summing to
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
一个长方形如图被分成 个区域。每个区域要涂成一种纯色,可选颜色为红、橙、黄、蓝、绿。相接触的区域必须涂成不同颜色,颜色可以重复使用。共有多少种不同的涂色方法?
A rectangle is partitioned into regions as shown. Each region is to be painted a solid color - red, orange, yellow, blue, or green - so that regions that touch are painted different colors, and colors can be used more than once. How many different colorings are possible?
小提示:
先给与最多其他区域相邻的区域涂色
Color the region that borders the most others first
大提示:
有一个区域与另外四个区域都相邻;其余每个区域都必须避开两个已经使用的颜色
One region touches all four others; each remaining region must avoid two already-used colors
解答:
底部中间的区域与其他四个区域都共边。先给它涂色,有 种方法。
左上区域与它相邻,有 种选择。其余三个区域各与两个已经涂好的区域相邻,而这两个区域颜色不同,所以各有 种选择。
总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The bottom-middle region shares a border with all four other regions. Color it first in ways.
The top-left region borders it, giving choices. Each of the three remaining regions borders exactly two already-colored regions, which have different colors, leaving choices apiece.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
8.
无限乘积
收敛到一个实数。这个数是多少?
The infinite product
evaluates to a real number. What is that number?
小提示:
把每个因子都写成 的幂
Write every factor as a power of
大提示:
指数为 ,构成一个等比数列
The exponents are a geometric series
解答:
第 个因子是对 连取 次立方根,也就是 。
这个乘积等于 的如下幂:
所以乘积的值为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The th factor is raised to the -fold cube root, namely
The product is raised to
So the value is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
9.
万圣节时, 个孩子走进校长办公室要糖果。他们可以分为三类:有些总是说谎;有些总是说真话;有些交替说谎和说真话。交替者可以任意选择第一次回答是谎话还是真话,但之后每句话的真假都与前一句相反。校长按以下顺序问每个人相同的三个问题。
“你是说真话者吗?”校长给每个回答“是”的 个孩子一颗糖。
“你是交替者吗?”校长给每个回答“是”的 个孩子一颗糖。
“你是说谎者吗?”校长给每个回答“是”的 个孩子一颗糖。
校长一共给总是说真话的孩子发了多少颗糖?
On Halloween children walked into the principal’s office asking for candy. They can be classified into three types: some always lie; some always tell the truth; and some alternately lie and tell the truth. The alternaters arbitrarily choose their first response, either a lie or the truth, but each subsequent statement has the opposite truth value from its predecessor. The principal asked everyone the same three questions in this order.
“Are you a truth-teller?” The principal gave a piece of candy to each of the children who answered yes.
“Are you an alternater?” The principal gave a piece of candy to each of the children who answered yes.
“Are you a liar?” The principal gave a piece of candy to each of the children who answered yes.
How many pieces of candy in all did the principal give to the children who always tell the truth?
小提示:
分析三种类型的孩子对每个问题会怎样回答
Work out how each of the three types answers each question
大提示:
只有先说谎的交替者会在最后一个问题回答“是”,这可以确定他们的人数
Only alternaters who lie first answer the last question yes, which pins down their count
解答:
对“你是说真话者吗?”这个问题,说真话者和说谎者都会回答“是”,而交替者中只有这次说谎的人会回答“是”。对“你是交替者吗?”这个问题,说谎者回答“是”,交替者中只有这次说真话的人回答“是”。对“你是说谎者吗?”这个问题,只有这次说谎的交替者回答“是”。
按第一次回答拆分交替者。先说谎的交替者回答模式为(谎话,真话,谎话),所以三个问题都回答“是”;先说真话的交替者回答模式为(真话,谎话,真话),所以三个问题都不回答“是”。最后一个问题的 个“是”正好都是先说谎的交替者,因此他们有 人。
第二个问题的 个“是”来自说谎者和这 个交替者,所以说谎者有 人。第一个问题的 个“是”来自说真话者、说谎者以及这 个交替者,所以说真话者有 人。
说真话者只会在第一个问题回答“是”,每人得到一颗糖,共 颗。
因此,正确答案是 A。
To “Are you a truth-teller?” the truth-tellers and liars both answer yes, and only alternaters who lie on this question answer yes. To “Are you an alternater?” the liars answer yes, and among alternaters only those telling the truth on this question answer yes. To “Are you a liar?” only alternaters lying on this question answer yes.
Split the alternaters by first response. Those starting with a lie answer (lie, truth, lie), so they say yes to all three questions; those starting truthful answer (truth, lie, truth) and say yes to none of the three. The yeses on the last question are exactly the lie-first alternaters, so there are of them.
The second question’s yeses are the liars plus these so there are liars. The first question’s yeses are truth-tellers plus liars plus the so the truth-tellers number
Truth-tellers answer yes only to the first question, receiving one candy each, for pieces.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
10.
有多少种方法可以把 到 的数分成 对,使得每一对中较大的数至少是较小的数的 倍?
What is the number of ways the numbers from to can be split into pairs such that for each pair, the greater number is at least times the smaller number?
小提示:
数 只有在 时才可能是一对中较小的数
A number can be the smaller of its pair only if
大提示:
所以 到 是较小元素, 到 是较大元素;从限制最紧的较小数开始分配
So – are the smaller elements and – the larger; assign greedily from the tightest smaller number
解答:
任何大于或等于 的数都不能作为较小元素(它的两倍超过 ),所以 到 都是较大元素, 到 都是较小元素。
将每个较小数 配到一个较大数 。从限制最强的开始: 强制 ( 种);然后 可配剩下的 ( 种); 有 种; 有 种; 有 种; 有 种; 有 种。
匹配数为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Any number or larger cannot be a smaller element (its double exceeds ), so – are all larger elements and – are all smaller elements.
Match each smaller to a larger Processing from the most restrictive: forces ( way); then has left (); has has has has has
The number of matchings is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
求所有满足以下条件的实数 的乘积:数轴上 与 的距离,等于 与 的距离的两倍。
What is the product of all real numbers such that the distance on the number line between and is twice the distance on the number line between and
12.
在正四面体 中,设 是 的中点。求 ?
Let be the midpoint of in regular tetrahedron What is
小提示:
设棱长为 ,则 和 是两个等边面的中线
and are medians of equilateral faces with edge length
大提示:
且 ;在 中使用余弦定理
and apply the Law of Cosines in
解答:
取棱长为 。因为 是 的中点,线段 和 是等边三角形面的高,长度都为 。另外 。
在 中由余弦定理,
因此,正确答案是 B。
Take edge length Since is the midpoint of segments and are altitudes of the equilateral faces, each of length Also
By the Law of Cosines in
Thus, the correct answer is B.
13.
设 是复平面中的一个区域,由所有可写成复数 与 之和的复数 组成,其中 在线段上,该线段的端点为 和 ,且 的模至多为 。最接近 面积的整数是多少?
Let be the region in the complex plane consisting of all complex numbers that can be written as the sum of complex numbers and where lies on the segment with endpoints and and has magnitude at most What integer is closest to the area of
小提示:
是到该线段距离不超过 的所有点
is the set of all points within distance of the segment
大提示:
线段长度为 ,所以 是一个 的矩形加上两个半圆
The segment has length so is a rectangle capped by two half-disks
解答:
给线段上的每个点加上半径为 的圆盘,会扫出所有到该线段距离不超过 的点。从 到 的线段长度为 。
这个“体育场”形状由一个 的矩形和两个半径为 的半圆组成,面积为
最接近的整数是 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Adding a disk of radius to every point of the segment sweeps out all points within distance of it. The segment from to has length
This “stadium” is a rectangle plus two half-disks of radius with area
The closest integer is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
14.
15.
多项式 的根分别是一个长方体的高、长、宽。将原长方体的每条棱都增加 个单位,形成一个新的长方体。新长方体的体积是多少?
The roots of the polynomial are the height, length, and width of a rectangular box (right rectangular prism). A new rectangular box is formed by lengthening each edge of the original box by units. What is the volume of the new box?
16.
三角数是可以写成 形式的正整数,其中 为正整数。最小的三个同时也是完全平方数的三角数为 、 和 。第四小的同时也是完全平方数的三角数的各位数字之和是多少?
A triangular number is a positive integer that can be expressed in the form for some positive integer The three smallest triangular numbers that are also perfect squares are and What is the sum of the digits of the fourth smallest triangular number that is also a perfect square?
小提示:
把 改写为佩尔方程
Rewrite as the Pell equation
大提示:
将 乘以 ,依次生成正整数解
Generate successive positive solutions by multiplying by
解答:
若 ,则 ,即 。正的佩尔方程解可依次通过将 乘以 得到。
从 开始,依次得到 ,,然后是 。因此第四个值对应 ,并且等于 。
它的数位和为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If then or The positive Pell solutions occur successively by multiplying by
Starting from this gives and then Thus the fourth value has and equals
The sum of its digits is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
17.
设 为实数,使得方程
在区间 中有多于一个解。所有这样的 组成的集合可写为 ,其中 、 和 是满足 的实数。求 ?
Suppose is a real number such that the equation
has more than one solution in the interval The set of all such can be written in the form where and are real numbers with What is
小提示:
使用 和
Use and
大提示:
除以 后,注意 (此时 )总是一个解
After dividing by note (where ) is always a solution
解答:
在 上,,所以两边除以 :
当 (即 )时,两边都为零,因此这对每个 都是一个解。否则可以约去 得 ,即 。
它给出 中第二个解的条件正是 ,即 ,且当 时这个解与 相同,不是不同的解。
因此有多于一个解时,,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Since on divide by
When (that is, ) both sides vanish, so this is a solution for every Otherwise we may cancel to get i.e.
This yields a second solution in exactly when that is and it is distinct from unless
So more than one solution occurs for giving
Thus, the correct answer is A.
18.
设 是坐标平面的一个变换:先将平面绕原点逆时针旋转 度,然后关于 轴反射。求最小的正整数 使得依次执行变换 ,,,, 后,点 回到自身。
Let be the transformation of the coordinate plane that first rotates the plane degrees counterclockwise around the origin and then reflects the plane across the -axis. What is the least positive integer such that performing the sequence of transformations returns the point back to itself?
小提示:
角度为 的点在 下变为角度
A point at angle is sent by to angle
大提示:
追踪 的角度;还要考虑 为奇数、总变换为反射的情形
Track the angle of also consider odd where the net map is a reflection
解答:
角度为 的点旋转 后角度变为 ,再关于 轴反射会把角度 变为 。所以 把 变为 。
从角度 的点 出发,依次应用 得到的角度为 。经过偶数 步后角度为 ,经过奇数 步后角度为 。
点要回到原位,角度必须是 的倍数。偶数情形要求 ,即 。奇数情形要求 ,即 且 ,此时总反射固定 。
满足条件的最小 是 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Rotating a point at angle by gives and reflecting across the -axis sends angle to So sends to
Starting from at angle applying gives angles After an even number of steps the angle is and after an odd number it is
For the point to return, the angle must be a multiple of The even case needs i.e. The odd case needs i.e. and where the net reflection fixes
The least such is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
19.
假设 张编号为 ,,,, 的卡片排成一行。任务是按数字递增顺序拿起它们,并反复从左到右扫描。在下面的例子中,第一次扫描拿起卡片 ,,,第二次扫描拿起 和 ,第三次扫描拿起 ,第四次扫描拿起 ,,,,第五次扫描拿起 ,,。在 种卡片排列中,有多少种会使这 张卡片恰好在两次扫描中被拿起?
Suppose that cards numbered are arranged in a row. The task is to pick them up in numerically increasing order, working repeatedly from left to right. In the example below, cards are picked up on the first pass, and on the second pass, on the third pass, on the fourth pass, and on the fifth pass. For how many of the possible orderings of the cards will the cards be picked up in exactly two passes?
小提示:
当下一个要拿的数位于前一个数的左边时,就必须开始新一轮扫描
A new pass begins exactly when the next number to pick up lies to the left of the previous one
大提示:
两次扫描意味着位置序列 恰好有一个下降
Two passes means the sequence of positions has exactly one descent
解答:
设 为卡片 的位置。正好在 时需要开始新一轮扫描,因此扫描次数等于序列 的下降数加一。
要构造至多有一个下降的排列,只需选出排在可能的下降之前的那些元素,并把两块都按递增顺序写出。这样的子集共有 个。其中 个初始段 不产生下降;其余每个子集都恰好给出一个含一个下降的排列。因此总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let be the position of card A fresh pass is needed exactly when so the number of passes is one more than the number of descents in the sequence
To build a permutation with at most one descent, choose the entries before the possible descent and write both chosen blocks in increasing order. There are subsets. The initial segments produce no descent; every other subset produces a unique permutation with one descent. Hence the count is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
等腰梯形 的平行边为 和 ,且 、。平面上有一点 ,满足 、、,且 。求 ?
Isosceles trapezoid has parallel sides and with and There is a point in the plane such that and What is
小提示:
令 ,,,,使梯形关于 轴对称
Put symmetric about the -axis
大提示:
和 都等于 的 坐标的一个倍数
Both and equal a multiple of the -coordinate of
解答:
将梯形放成关于 轴对称:,,,,并设 。
则 而 。两式相除得 。
因为 且 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Place the trapezoid symmetric about the -axis: with
Then and Dividing gives
Since and we get
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
设 。下列哪个多项式整除 ?
Let Which of the following polynomials divides
小提示:
因子 可行,当且仅当 的每个根 都满足 。
A divisor works iff every root of satisfies
大提示:
对 它的根是本原 次单位根,所以 是本原三次单位根
For the roots are primitive th roots of unity, so is a primitive cube root of unity
解答:
如果 是某个因子的根,则必须有 。
的根是本原 次单位根,因此 。将指数对 取模,由 和 可得 。这里 是本原三次单位根,所以该式等于 。
其他四个选项不成立:代入它们的根会得到非零值(例如本原三次单位根会给出 )。
因此,正确答案是 E。
If is a root of a divisor, then is required.
The roots of are the primitive th roots of unity, so Reducing exponents modulo and giving Here is a primitive cube root of unity, so this equals
The other four options fail: substituting their roots yields nonzero values (for instance, the primitive cube roots of unity give ).
Thus, the correct answer is E.
22.
设 为实数,且 , 是二次方程 的两个复数解。点 ,,,和 是复平面中一个凸四边形 的顶点。当 的面积取得最大值时, 最接近下列哪一个数?
Let be a real number, and let be the two complex numbers satisfying the quadratic Points and are the vertices of a (convex) quadrilateral in the complex plane. When the area of obtains its maximum value, is the closest to which of the following?
小提示:
当实数 给出非实根时, 且 。
For real with complex roots, and
大提示:
四个点组成一个关于实轴对称的等腰梯形;用根的辐角 表示它的面积
The four points form an isosceles trapezoid symmetric about the real axis; write its area in terms of the root’s angle
解答:
若根不是实数,则 且 ,因为 。于是 ,。
这个梯形的两条竖边长度分别为 和 ,它们之间的水平距离为 。因此它的面积为 在 时取得最大值。
此时 ,最接近 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the roots are non-real, then and since Then and
The two vertical sides of this trapezoid have lengths and and their horizontal separation is Hence its area is which is maximized at
Then closest to
Thus, the correct answer is A.
23.
设 和 是唯一一对互质的正整数,使得
设 表示 ,,,, 的最小公倍数。对于多少个满足 的整数 有 ?
Let and be the unique relatively prime positive integers such that
Let denote the least common multiple of the numbers For how many integers with is
小提示:
把 写成以 为分母的分数;约分后分母变小,正好意味着有质数从分子 中约掉
Writing over the reduced denominator is smaller exactly when a prime cancels from the numerator
大提示:
对满足 的质数幂 检查 是否整除
For a prime power with check whether divides
解答:
总是 的倍数,所以 恰好在某个质数 同时整除 和分子 时成立(即有质数被约掉)。
对具有最大幂 的质数 ,只有满足 的项会使 不含 ,其余项都能被 整除。因此 被约掉,当且仅当 。
利用 递推应用这个判定,得到:当 时,;当 时,;当 时,再次有 。最后,对 ,比值 分别为 ,因此恰好在 时发生约分,共有 个值。
因此,正确答案是 D。
is always divisible by so exactly when some prime divides both and the numerator (i.e. a prime cancels).
For a prime with maximal power only the terms with keep out of all others are divisible by So cancels iff
Applying this test recursively with gives for for and again for Finally, the ratios for are respectively. Thus cancellation occurs precisely for which is values.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
24.
用数字 ,,,, 组成长度为 的字符串。有多少个这样的字符串满足:对每个 ,至少有 个数字小于 ?(例如, 满足条件,因为它含有至少 个小于 的数字,至少 个小于 的数字,至少 个小于 的数字,且至少 个小于 的数字。字符串 不满足条件,因为它不含至少 个小于 的数字。)
How many strings of length formed from the digits are there such that for each at least of the digits are less than (For example, satisfies the condition because it contains at least digit less than at least digits less than at least digits less than and at least digits less than The string does not satisfy the condition because it does not contain at least digits less than )
小提示:
“至少有 个数字小于 ” 意味着第 小的数字至多为 。
“At least digits are less than ” means the th smallest digit is at most
大提示:
这些正是长度为 的停车函数;使用 个车位的圆形停车计数
These are parking functions of length use the circular-parking count with spaces
解答:
将五个数字排序为 。条件“至少有 个数字小于 ”等价于对 ,有 ,即 ,(而 自动成立)。
这些字符串恰好是长度为 的停车函数。为计数,将 个停车位排成圆形,让 辆有标号的汽车任意选择首选车位。每辆车向前行驶到第一个空位。在 个偏好字符串中,同时旋转所有偏好会使唯一的空位依次经过全部 个位置。因此,恰有 个字符串使指定车位为空。将这个车位选作额外的第六个车位,恰好得到上述排序不等式。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Sort the five digits as The requirement “at least digits less than ” is equivalent to for i.e. (with automatic).
These strings are exactly the parking functions of length To count them, arrange parking spaces in a circle and let labeled cars choose arbitrary preferred spaces. Each car moves forward to the first open space. Among the preference strings, rotating all preferences cycles the unique empty space through all positions. Therefore exactly strings leave a specified space empty. Choosing that space as the extra sixth space gives precisely the sorted inequalities above.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
25.
一个半径为整数 的圆以 为圆心。对 ,有若干条互不相同、长度为 的线段,连接点 与 ,并且都与该圆相切,其中 、 和 都是正整数,且 。当 取尽可能小的值时, 是多少?
A circle with integer radius is centered at Distinct line segments of length connect points to for and are tangent to the circle, where and are all positive integers and What is the ratio for the least possible value of
答案:E
小提示:
从 到 的线段与该圆相切时, 是直角三角形两直角边 的内切圆半径或半周长
A segment from to tangent to this circle makes the inradius or the semiperimeter of the right triangle with legs
大提示:
在内切圆半径情形,,所以 的正因数个数就是有方向线段的条数
For the inradius case, so positive divisors of count the oriented segments
解答:
圆心为 、半径为 的圆与两条坐标轴都相切。从 到 的线段满足 ;当 等于以 为直角边的直角三角形的内切圆半径 或半周长 时,该线段与圆相切。
在内切圆半径情形中,令 且 。则 ,每个正因数 确定一条有方向的线段,其中 ,,。因此恰有 条这样的线段。
当 时,数量分别为 ,且半周长情形不可能,因为最小的整数直角三角形半周长为 。当 时,,而 -- 三角形再贡献两条有方向的线段。因此 是最小可能半径,并且恰好给出 条线段。
两个半周长情形的线段满足 。在内切圆半径族中, 在 或 时最大,得到 。因此 ,,并且 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The circle centered with radius is tangent to both axes. A segment from to with is tangent to it when equals either the inradius or the semiperimeter of the right triangle with legs
In the inradius case, put and Then and every positive divisor determines one oriented segment, with and Thus there are exactly such segments.
For these counts are and no semiperimeter case is possible because the smallest integer right triangle has semiperimeter At and the -- triangle contributes two more oriented segments. Hence is the least possible radius and gives exactly segments.
The two semiperimeter segments have In the inradius family, is largest at or giving Therefore and
Thus, the correct answer is E.