1997 AMC 12 真题

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1.

若数字 aabb 满足 2a×b369920989 \begin{array}{r} 2a\\[-2pt] {}\times b3\\ \hline 69\\ 92\phantom0\\ \hline 989 \end{array} a+b=a+b=

If aa and bb are digits for which 2a×b369920989 \begin{array}{r} 2a\\[-2pt] {}\times b3\\ \hline 69\\ 92\phantom0\\ \hline 989 \end{array} then a+b=a+b=

33

44

77

99

1212

答案:C
知识点:long multiplication数字
难度评级:920
小提示:

利用第一个部分积确定上面的两位数

Use the first partial product to determine the two-digit top factor

大提示:

第二个部分积等于上面的两位数乘以 bb

The second partial product is the top factor multiplied by bb

解答:

由第一个部分积可得 3(20+a)=693(20+a)=69,所以 a=3a=3。由第二个部分积可得 23b=9223b=92,所以 b=4b=4。因此 a+b=7a+b=7,正确答案是 C

The first partial product says 3(20+a)=69,3(20+a)=69, so a=3.a=3. The second says 23b=92,23b=92, so b=4.b=4. Thus a+b=7,a+b=7, and the correct answer is C.

2.

图示十边形的相邻边均成直角。它的周长是多少?

The adjacent sides of the decagon shown meet at right angles. What is its perimeter?

2222

3232

3434

4444

5050

答案:D
难度评级:1020
小提示:

所有未标长度的向右水平边的长度之和等于底边的长度

The unlabeled rightward horizontal lengths together equal the bottom width

大提示:

将标出的高度与上方台阶的高度相加,求出图形的总高度

Find the total vertical extent by combining the labeled height and the upper step

解答:

向右水平边的长度之和为 1212,所以所有水平边的长度之和为 2424。图形的总高度为 8+2=108+2=10,所以所有竖直边的长度之和为 2020。因此周长为 24+20=4424+20=44,正确答案是 D

The total of the rightward horizontal sides is 12,12, so all horizontal sides total 24.24. The full height is 8+2=10,8+2=10, so the vertical sides total 20.20. Therefore the perimeter is 24+20=44,24+20=44, and the correct answer is D.

3.

若实数 xxyyzz 满足 (x3)2+(y4)2+(z5)2=0 \begin{aligned} (x-3)^2+(y-4)^2\\ {}+(z-5)^2&=0 \end{aligned}\text{,}x+y+z=x+y+z=

If x,x, y,y, and zz are real numbers such that (x3)2+(y4)2+(z5)2=0, \begin{aligned} (x-3)^2+(y-4)^2\\ {}+(z-5)^2&=0, \end{aligned} then x+y+z=x+y+z=

12-12

00

88

1212

5050

答案:D
难度评级:1060
小提示:

每个实数的平方都非负

Each squared real quantity is nonnegative

大提示:

若若干个非负数之和为零,则每一项都必须为零

A sum of nonnegative terms is zero only when every term is zero

解答:

三个平方项都非负,因此每一项都必须为 00。于是 x=3x=3y=4y=4z=5z=5,且 x+y+z=12x+y+z=12。正确答案是 D

All three squares are nonnegative, so each must be 0.0. Hence x=3,x=3, y=4,y=4, z=5,z=5, and x+y+z=12.x+y+z=12. The correct answer is D.

4.

aacc50%50\%,而 bbcc25%25\%,则 aabb 大百分之多少?

If aa is 50%50\% larger than c,c, and bb is 25%25\% larger than c,c, then aa is what percent larger than b?b?

20%20\%

25%25\%

50%50\%

100%100\%

200%200\%

答案:A
难度评级:920
小提示:

aabb 都表示为 cc 的倍数

Write both aa and bb as multiples of cc

大提示:

所求百分比应以 bb 为基准,而不是以 cc 为基准

The requested percentage uses bb, not cc, as its base

解答:

a=1.5ca=1.5cb=1.25cb=1.25c。因此 ab=1.51.25=1.2\frac{a}{b}=\frac{1.5}{1.25}=1.2,所以 aabb20%20\%。正确答案是 A

We have a=1.5ca=1.5c and b=1.25c.b=1.25c. Thus ab=1.51.25=1.2,\frac{a}{b}=\frac{1.5}{1.25}=1.2, so aa is 20%20\% larger than b.b. The correct answer is A.

5.

如图,一个周长为 176176 的长方形被分成五个全等的小长方形。每个小长方形的周长是多少?

A rectangle with perimeter 176176 is divided into five congruent rectangles as shown in the diagram. What is the perimeter of one of the five congruent rectangles?

35.235.2

7676

8080

8484

8686

答案:C
难度评级:1260
小提示:

设小长方形的短边和长边分别为 xxyy

Let the short and long sides of a small rectangle be xx and yy

大提示:

大长方形的宽度既等于上方的 3x3x,也等于下方的 2y2y

The total width is both 3x3x across the top and 2y2y across the bottom

解答:

设小长方形的两条边长为 xxyy。由共同的宽度可得 3x=2y3x=2y,而大长方形的长和宽分别为 3x3xx+yx+y。因此其周长满足 2(4x+y)=1762(4x+y)=176。由于 y=3x2y=\frac{3x}{2},可得 11x=17611x=176,所以 x=16x=16y=24y=24。一个小长方形的周长为 2(16+24)=802(16+24)=80,故正确答案是 C

Let a small rectangle have sides xx and y.y. The common width gives 3x=2y,3x=2y, while the large rectangle has dimensions 3x3x by x+y.x+y. Its perimeter is 2(4x+y)=176.2(4x+y)=176. Since y=3x2,y=\frac{3x}{2}, this is 11x=176,11x=176, so x=16x=16 and y=24.y=24. One small perimeter is 2(16+24)=80,2(16+24)=80, making C correct.

6.

考虑数列 1,2,3,4,5,6, 1,-2,3,-4,5,-6,\ldots\text{。}它的第 nn 项为 (1)n+1n(-1)^{n+1}n。这个数列前 200200 项的平均数是多少?

Consider the sequence 1,2,3,4,5,6,, 1,-2,3,-4,5,-6,\ldots, whose nnth term is (1)n+1n.(-1)^{n+1}n. What is the average of the first 200200 terms of the sequence?

1-1

0.5-0.5

00

0.50.5

11

答案:B
难度评级:1160
小提示:

将相邻两项按奇数项和偶数项配对

Group consecutive terms into odd-even pairs

大提示:

每一对的和都相同,并且共有 100100

Each pair has the same sum, and there are 100100 pairs

解答:

每一对 (2k1)2k(2k-1)-2k 的和都是 1-1。因此 100100 对的总和为 100-100,这 200200 项的平均数为 100200=0.5-\frac{100}{200}=-0.5。正确答案是 B

Each pair (2k1)2k(2k-1)-2k has sum 1.-1. The 100100 pairs therefore total 100,-100, and their 200200-term average is 100200=0.5.-\frac{100}{200}=-0.5. The correct answer is B.

7.

七个整数的和为 1-1。其中最多可以有多少个整数大于 1313

The sum of seven integers is 1.-1. What is the maximum number of the seven integers that can be larger than 13?13?

11

44

55

66

77

答案:D
难度评级:920
小提示:

七个数不可能都大于 1313,否则它们的和会是正数

All seven cannot exceed 1313 because their sum would be positive

大提示:

剩下的那个整数没有下界

There is no lower bound on the remaining integer

解答:

如果七个整数都大于 1313,它们的和至少为 9898。但可以有六个整数大于 1313:取六个 1414,再取一个 85-85。因此最多有 66 个,正确答案是 D

If all seven integers exceeded 13,13, their sum would be at least 98.98. Six can exceed 1313: take six copies of 1414 and a seventh integer of 85.-85. Thus the maximum is 6,6, and the correct answer is D.

8.

Mientka 出版公司为其畅销书 《沃尔特在哪里?》 制定了如下价格:C(n)={12n,1n24,11n,25n48,10n,49n C(n)= \begin{cases} 12n, & 1\le n\le24,\\ 11n, & 25\le n\le48,\\ 10n, & 49\le n \end{cases}\text{,}其中 nn 是订购的书本数,C(n)C(n) 是订购 nn 本书所需的美元数。注意,买 2525 本书比买 2424 本书便宜。对于多少个 nn 的取值,购买多于 nn 本书会比恰好购买 nn 本书便宜?

Mientka Publishing Company prices its best seller Where’s Walter? as follows: C(n)={12n,1n24,11n,25n48,10n,49n, C(n)= \begin{cases} 12n, & 1\le n\le24,\\ 11n, & 25\le n\le48,\\ 10n, & 49\le n, \end{cases} where nn is the number of books ordered, and C(n)C(n) is the cost in dollars of nn books. Notice that 2525 books cost less than 2424 books. For how many values of nn is it cheaper to buy more than nn books than to buy exactly nn books?

33

44

55

66

88

答案:D
难度评级:1360
小提示:

只有两个价格分界点可能使订购更多书反而更便宜

Only the two price-break points can make a larger order cheaper

大提示:

在第一个分界点附近比较 C(n)C(n)C(25)C(25),再在第二个分界点附近与 C(49)C(49) 比较

Compare C(n)C(n) with C(25)C(25) near the first break and with C(49)C(49) near the second

解答:

在第一个分界点,C(25)=275C(25)=275 小于 C(23)=276C(23)=276C(24)=288C(24)=288,所以 n=23n=23n=24n=24 符合条件。在第二个分界点,当 n=45n=45n=46n=46n=47n=47n=48n=48 时,C(49)=490C(49)=490 小于 C(n)=11nC(n)=11n。每一段的价格都随 nn 增加,因此没有其他取值符合条件。共有 2+4=62+4=6 个,故正确答案是 D

At the first break, C(25)=275C(25)=275 is below C(23)=276C(23)=276 and C(24)=288,C(24)=288, giving n=23n=23 and n=24.n=24. At the second, C(49)=490C(49)=490 is below C(n)=11nC(n)=11n for n=45,n=45, n=46,n=46, n=47,n=47, n=48.n=48. No other nn works because each piece increases. There are 2+4=6,2+4=6, so D is correct.

9.

如图,ABCDABCD 是一个 2222 的正方形,EEAD\overline{AD} 的中点,且 FFBE\overline{BE} 上。若 CF\overline{CF} 垂直于 BE\overline{BE},则四边形 CDEFCDEF 的面积为

In the figure, ABCDABCD is a 22 by 22 square, EE is the midpoint of AD,\overline{AD}, and FF is on BE.\overline{BE}. If CF\overline{CF} is perpendicular to BE,\overline{BE}, then the area of quadrilateral CDEFCDEF is

22

3323-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

115\frac{11}{5}

5\sqrt5

94\frac94

答案:C
知识点:坐标几何面积
难度评级:1630
小提示:

建立坐标系,使 B=(0,0)B=(0,0)C=(2,0)C=(2,0)A=(0,2)A=(0,2)E=(1,2)E=(1,2)

Place B=(0,0),B=(0,0), C=(2,0),C=(2,0), A=(0,2),A=(0,2), and E=(1,2)E=(1,2)

大提示:

求直线 BEBE 与过 CC 且垂直于 BEBE 的直线的交点 FF

Find FF as the intersection of BEBE with the line through CC perpendicular to BEBE

解答:

按第一个提示建立坐标系后,直线 BEBE 的方程为 y=2xy=2x,过 CC 的垂线方程为 y=(x2)2y=-\frac{(x-2)}{2}。两直线交于 F=(25,45)F=(\frac{2}{5},\frac{4}{5})。正方形的面积为 44,而三角形 AEFAEFBCFBCF 的面积分别为 35\frac{3}{5}45\frac{4}{5}。因此 [CDEF]=435[CDEF]=4-\frac{3}{5} 45=115{}-\frac{4}{5}=\frac{11}{5},故正确答案是 C

With the coordinates in the first hint, BEBE has equation y=2x,y=2x, and the perpendicular through CC is y=(x2)2.y=-\frac{(x-2)}{2}. Their intersection is F=(25,45).F=(\frac{2}{5},\frac{4}{5}). The square has area 4,4, while triangles AEFAEF and BCFBCF have areas 35\frac{3}{5} and 45,\frac{4}{5}, respectively. Hence [CDEF]=435[CDEF]=4-\frac{3}{5} 45=115,{}-\frac{4}{5}=\frac{11}{5}, so C is correct.

10.

两枚六面骰子的每个面出现的概率都相同。不过,其中一枚骰子把 44 改成了 33,另一枚骰子把 33 改成了 44。掷这两枚骰子时,点数之和为奇数的概率是多少?

Two six-sided dice are fair in the sense that each face is equally likely to turn up. However, one of the dice has the 44 replaced by 33 and the other die has the 33 replaced by 4.4. When these dice are rolled, what is the probability that the sum is odd?

13\frac13

49\frac49

12\frac12

59\frac59

1118\frac{11}{18}

答案:D
难度评级:1330
小提示:

要使和为奇数,必须一枚骰子掷出奇数,另一枚掷出偶数

An odd sum requires one odd result and one even result

大提示:

分别数出每枚改过的骰子上标有奇数的面,重复的数字也要计入

Count odd-labeled faces on each modified die, including repeated labels

解答:

第一枚改过的骰子有 44 个奇数面和 22 个偶数面;第二枚有 22 个奇数面和 44 个偶数面。因此所求概率为 (46)(46)+(26)(26)(\frac{4}{6})(\frac{4}{6})+(\frac{2}{6})(\frac{2}{6}) =2036=59=\frac{20}{36}=\frac{5}{9}。正确答案是 D

The first modified die has 44 odd faces and 22 even faces; the second has 22 odd and 44 even. Thus the probability is (46)(46)+(26)(26)(\frac{4}{6})(\frac{4}{6})+(\frac{2}{6})(\frac{2}{6}) =2036=59.=\frac{20}{36}=\frac{5}{9}. The correct answer is D.

11.

在本赛季的第六、七、八、九场篮球比赛中,一名球员分别得到 2323141411112020 分。打完九场后的场均得分高于前五场的场均得分。若打完十场后的场均得分大于 1818,那么她在第十场最少可能得到多少分?

In the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth basketball games of the season, a player scored 23,23, 14,14, 11,11, and 2020 points, respectively. Her points-per-game average was higher after nine games than it was after the first five games. If her average after ten games was greater than 18,18, what is the least number of points she could have scored in the tenth game?

2626

2727

2828

2929

3030

答案:D
难度评级:1440
小提示:

设她前五场比赛的总得分为 SS

Let SS be her point total in the first five games

大提示:

利用九场比赛后的平均分条件求出 SS 的最大值,再应用十场比赛后的严格平均分下界

Use the nine-game comparison to maximize SS, then apply the strict ten-game average bound

解答:

66 至第 99 场的总得分为 6868。由条件 S+689>S5\frac{S+68}{9}>\frac{S}{5} 可得 S<85S<85,所以整数 SS 的最大值为 8484。十场后的场均得分大于 1818,意味着总得分至少为 181181,因此第十场至少得到 181(84+68)=29181-(84+68)=29 分。这个分数可以达到,所以正确答案是 D

Games 6699 total 68.68. The condition S+689>S5\frac{S+68}{9}>\frac{S}{5} gives S<85,S<85, so the greatest integral SS is 84.84. A ten-game average above 1818 requires a total at least 181,181, hence the tenth score is at least 181(84+68)=29.181-(84+68)=29. This is attainable, so D is correct.

12.

mmbb 是实数,且 mb>0mb\gt0,则方程为 y=mx+by=mx+b 的直线不可能经过点

If mm and bb are real numbers and mb>0,mb\gt0, then the line whose equation is y=mx+by=mx+b cannot contain the point

(0,1997)(0,1997)

(0,1997)(0,-1997)

(19,97)(19,97)

(19,97)(19,-97)

(1997,0)(1997,0)

答案:E
难度评级:1280
小提示:

条件 mb>0mb\gt0 表示斜率与纵截距同号

The condition mb>0mb\gt0 means the slope and vertical intercept have the same sign

大提示:

逐一代入各点;正的 xx 轴截距会迫使斜率与截距异号

Substitute each point; a positive xx-intercept forces the slope and intercept to have opposite signs

解答:

(1997,0)(1997,0) 在直线上,则 0=1997m+b0=1997m+b,所以 b=1997mb=-1997m,从而 mb=1997m2<0mb=-1997m^2\lt0,产生矛盾。对于其余每个点,都可以选取适当的同号 m,bm,b 使直线经过该点。因此正确答案是 E

If (1997,0)(1997,0) were on the line, then 0=1997m+b,0=1997m+b, so b=1997mb=-1997m and mb=1997m2<0,mb=-1997m^2\lt0, a contradiction. Each other point can occur for suitable same-sign m,b.m,b. Thus the correct answer is E.

13.

有多少个两位正整数 NN,满足 NN 与将 NN 的各位数字倒序后所得的数之和是完全平方数?

How many two-digit positive integers NN have the property that the sum of NN and the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits of NN is a perfect square?

44

55

66

77

88

答案:E
难度评级:1540
小提示:

N=10x+yN=10x+y,并把它与倒序后的数相加

Write N=10x+yN=10x+y and add its reversal

大提示:

1x91\le x\le90y90\le y\le9 的条件下,判断 11(x+y)11(x+y) 何时能成为完全平方数

Determine when 11(x+y)11(x+y), with 1x91\le x\le9 and 0y90\le y\le9, can be square

解答:

这个和为 11(x+y)11(x+y)。由于 1x+y181\le x+y\le18,它只有在 x+y=11x+y=11 时才是完全平方数,此时等于 121121。十位数字 xx 可以是 2,3,,92,3,\ldots,9 中的任意一个,而 y=11xy=11-x。共有 88 个这样的整数,所以正确答案是 E

The sum is 11(x+y).11(x+y). Since 1x+y18,1\le x+y\le18, this is square only when x+y=11,x+y=11, giving 121.121. The tens digit xx can be any of 2,3,,9,2,3,\ldots,9, with y=11x.y=11-x. There are 88 integers, so E is correct.

14.

一群鹅的数量逐年增加,并且第 n+2n+2 年与第 nn 年的数量之差正比于第 n+1n+1 年的数量。若 19941994 年、19951995 年和 19971997 年的鹅群数量分别为 39396060123123,则 19961996 年的数量为

The number of geese in a flock increases so that the difference between the populations in year n+2n+2 and year nn is directly proportional to the population in year n+1.n+1. If the populations in the years 1994,1994, 1995,1995, and 19971997 were 39,39, 60,60, and 123,123, respectively, then the population in 19961996 was

8181

8484

8787

9090

102102

答案:B
难度评级:1570
小提示:

19961996 年的数量为 xx,比例常数为 kk

Let xx be the 19961996 population and kk the constant of proportionality

大提示:

19941994 年至 19961996 年以及 19951995 年至 19971997 年的数据,用同一个 kk 列出两个方程

Translate the years 1994199419961996 and 1995199519971997 into two equations using the same kk

解答:

根据规律可得 x39=60kx-39=60k12360=kx123-60=kx。消去 kk,得到 x(x39)=3780x(x-39)=3780,即 (x84)(x+45)=0(x-84)(x+45)=0。数量为正,因此 x=84x=84,正确答案是 B

The rule gives x39=60kx-39=60k and 12360=kx.123-60=kx. Eliminating kk yields x(x39)=3780,x(x-39)=3780, or (x84)(x+45)=0.(x-84)(x+45)=0. The population is positive, so x=84,x=84, and B is correct.

15.

三角形 ABCABC 的中线 BD\overline{BD}CE\overline{CE} 互相垂直,且 BD=8BD=8CE=12CE=12。三角形 ABCABC 的面积为

Medians BD\overline{BD} and CE\overline{CE} of triangle ABCABC are perpendicular, BD=8,BD=8, and CE=12.CE=12. The area of triangle ABCABC is

2424

3232

4848

6464

9696

答案:D
难度评级:1630
小提示:

BDBDCECE 看作四边形 BCDEBCDE 的两条对角线

View BDBD and CECE as the diagonals of quadrilateral BCDEBCDE

大提示:

三角形 ADEADEABCABC 相似,相似比为 12\frac{1}{2}

Triangle ADEADE is similar to ABCABC with scale factor 12\frac{1}{2}

解答:

四边形 BCDEBCDE 的两条对角线 BD=8BD=8CE=12CE=12 互相垂直,所以其面积为 12(8)(12)=48\frac12(8)(12)=48。因为 D,ED,E 都是中点,三角形 ADEADE 的面积是三角形 ABCABC 面积的四分之一,因此四边形 BCDEBCDE 的面积是它的四分之三。于是 [ABC]=4843=64[ABC]=\frac{48\cdot4}{3}=64,所以正确答案是 D

Quadrilateral BCDEBCDE has perpendicular diagonals BD=8BD=8 and CE=12,CE=12, so its area is 12(8)(12)=48.\frac12(8)(12)=48. Since D,ED,E are midpoints, triangle ADEADE has one fourth the area of ABC,ABC, making BCDEBCDE three fourths of it. Thus [ABC]=4843=64,[ABC]=\frac{48\cdot4}{3}=64, so D is correct.

16.

数组 [492816357] \begin{bmatrix} 4&9&2\\ 8&1&6\\ 3&5&7 \end{bmatrix} 的三个行和与三个列和都相同。至少要改变多少个元素,才能使这六个和互不相同?

The three row sums and the three column sums of the array [492816357] \begin{bmatrix} 4&9&2\\ 8&1&6\\ 3&5&7 \end{bmatrix} are the same. What is the least number of entries that must be altered to make all six sums different from one another?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:D
难度评级:1860
小提示:

假设只改变三个元素,考察其中没有元素被改变的行和列

With only three altered entries, examine the rows and columns containing no alteration

大提示:

为了给出上界,尝试改变四个元素,使它们对各行和各列造成的变化都不同

For an upper bound, try changing four entries so that their row and column effects are all distinct

解答:

如果至多改变三个元素,那么要么六条行列中至少有两条没有改变,要么某个被改变的元素是它所在行与所在列中唯一被改变的元素。前一种情况下,两条未改变的行或列的和仍然相等;后一种情况下,该元素使其所在行与列的和发生同样的变化,所以这两个和仍然相等。改变四个元素即可:分别将 44112266 改为 55337799。新的三个行和为 212120201515,三个列和为 161617172323。因此最小值为 44,正确答案是 D

With at most three alterations, either two of the six lines are unchanged, or some altered entry is the only alteration in both its row and its column. In the first case those two sums remain equal; in the second, that entry changes its row sum and column sum by the same amount, so those two sums remain equal. Four suffice: replace 4,4, 1,1, 2,2, 66 by 5,5, 3,3, 7,7, 9,9, respectively. The resulting row sums are 21,21, 20,20, 1515 and column sums are 16,16, 17,17, 23.23. Hence the minimum is 4,4, and D is correct.

17.

直线 x=kx=k 分别与函数 y=log5xy=\log_5xy=log5(x+4)y=\log_5(x+4) 的图像相交。两个交点之间的距离为 0.50.5。已知 k=a+bk=a+\sqrt b,其中 aabb 都是整数,求 a+ba+b

A line x=kx=k intersects the graph of y=log5xy=\log_5x and the graph of y=log5(x+4).y=\log_5(x+4). The distance between the points of intersection is 0.5.0.5. Given that k=a+b,k=a+\sqrt b, where aa and bb are integers, what is a+b?a+b?

66

77

88

99

1010

答案:A
难度评级:1590
小提示:

两个交点的 xx 坐标都是 kk,所以它们之间的距离就是两个对数值之差

Because both points have xx-coordinate kk, their distance is the difference of their logarithms

大提示:

合并两个对数,再以 55 为底取指数

Combine the logarithms and exponentiate base 55

解答:

两个交点的竖直距离满足 log5(k+4)log5k=12,k+4k=5 \begin{aligned} \log_5(k+4)-\log_5k &=\frac12,\\ \frac{k+4}{k}&=\sqrt5 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 k+4k=5\frac{k+4}{k}=\sqrt5,所以 k=451=1+5k=\frac{4}{\sqrt5-1}=1+\sqrt5。于是 a+b=1+5=6a+b=1+5=6,正确答案是 A

The vertical distance is log5(k+4)log5k=12,k+4k=5. \begin{aligned} \log_5(k+4)-\log_5k &=\frac12,\\ \frac{k+4}{k}&=\sqrt5. \end{aligned} Thus k+4k=5,\frac{k+4}{k}=\sqrt5, so k=451=1+5.k=\frac{4}{\sqrt5-1}=1+\sqrt5. Therefore a+b=1+5=6,a+b=1+5=6, and A is correct.

18.

一列整数的众数为 3232,平均数为 2222,其中最小的数为 1010。中位数 mm 是这列数中的一员。若将 mm 替换为 m+10m+10,新数列的平均数和中位数分别为 2424m+10m+10。若改为将 mm 替换为 m8m-8,新数列的中位数为 m4m-4。求 mm

A list of integers has mode 3232 and mean 22.22. The smallest number in the list is 10.10. The median mm of the list is a member of the list. If the list member mm were replaced by m+10,m+10, the mean and median of the new list would be 2424 and m+10,m+10, respectively. If mm were instead replaced by m8,m-8, the median of the new list would be m4.m-4. What is m?m?

1616

1717

1818

1919

2020

答案:E
难度评级:2010
小提示:

总和增加 1010 会使平均数增加 22,由此确定数列的项数

A total increase of 1010 raises the mean by 22, determining the list length

大提示:

将五个数按大小排列,再利用题目给出的两次中位数变化确定 mm 两旁的数

Order the five entries and use the two stated median changes to identify the entries beside mm

解答:

这列数共有 102=5\frac{10}{2}=5 项。将它们写成 10ambc10\le a\le m\le b\le c。把 mm 替换为 m+10m+10 后,这个新值成为中位数,所以 bm+10b\ge m+10cm+10c\ge m+10;又因为众数是 3232,必有 b=c=32b=c=32。原数列的总和为 110110,所以 a+m=36a+m=36。把 mm 替换为 m8m-8 后,中位数为 a=m4a=m-4,所以 2m4=362m-4=36,解得 m=20m=20。因此正确答案是 E

The list has 102=5\frac{10}{2}=5 entries. Write them 10ambc.10\le a\le m\le b\le c. Replacing mm by m+10m+10 makes that value the median, so bm+10b\ge m+10 and cm+10;c\ge m+10; because the mode is 32,32, we must have b=c=32.b=c=32. The original total is 110,110, giving a+m=36.a+m=36. Replacing mm by m8m-8 makes the median a=m4,a=m-4, so 2m4=362m-4=36 and m=20.m=20. Thus E is correct.

19.

如图,圆心为 OO 的圆与两条坐标轴以及 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形 ABCABC 的斜边都相切,其中 AB=1AB=1。将结果精确到百分位,圆的半径是多少?

A circle with center OO is tangent to the coordinate axes and to the hypotenuse of the 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle ABCABC as shown, where AB=1.AB=1. To the nearest hundredth, what is the radius of the circle?

2.182.18

2.242.24

2.312.31

2.372.37

2.412.41

答案:D
难度评级:2120
小提示:

若圆的半径为 rr,则在图示坐标系中 O=(r,r)O=(r,r)

If the circle radius is rr, then O=(r,r)O=(r,r) in the displayed coordinates

大提示:

写出这个 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形斜边所在直线的方程,并令圆心 OO 到该直线的距离等于 rr

Write the hypotenuse line of the 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle and set its distance from OO equal to rr

解答:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(1,0)B=(1,0)C=(0,3)C=(0,\sqrt3)。斜边所在直线的方程为 3x+y=3\sqrt3x+y=\sqrt3,圆心为 O=(r,r)O=(r,r)。由相切可得 (3+1)r32=r \frac{\left|(\sqrt3+1)r-\sqrt3\right|}{2}=r\text{。}对于图中三角形外部的圆,有 (3+1)r3=2r(\sqrt3+1)r-\sqrt3=2r,所以 r=331r=\frac{\sqrt3}{\sqrt3-1} =3+322.37=\frac{3+\sqrt3}{2}\approx2.37。因此正确答案是 D

Take A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(1,0),B=(1,0), and C=(0,3).C=(0,\sqrt3). The hypotenuse is 3x+y=3,\sqrt3x+y=\sqrt3, and the circle center is O=(r,r).O=(r,r). Tangency gives (3+1)r32=r. \frac{\left|(\sqrt3+1)r-\sqrt3\right|}{2}=r. The pictured external circle has (3+1)r3=2r,(\sqrt3+1)r-\sqrt3=2r, so r=331r=\frac{\sqrt3}{\sqrt3-1} =3+322.37.=\frac{3+\sqrt3}{2}\approx2.37. Thus D is correct.

20.

下列哪个整数可以表示为 100100 个连续正整数之和?

Which one of the following integers can be expressed as the sum of 100100 consecutive positive integers?

1,627,384,9501{,}627{,}384{,}950

2,345,678,9102{,}345{,}678{,}910

3,579,111,3003{,}579{,}111{,}300

4,692,581,4704{,}692{,}581{,}470

5,815,937,2605{,}815{,}937{,}260

答案:A
难度评级:1410
小提示:

将这些数写成 a+1,a+2,,a+100a+1,a+2,\ldots,a+100

Write the terms as a+1,a+2,,a+100a+1,a+2,\ldots,a+100

大提示:

它们的和模 100100 必须与 5050 同余

Their sum must be congruent to 5050 modulo 100100

解答:

它们的和为 100a+(1++100)100a+(1+\cdots+100) =100a+5050=100a+5050,所以末两位是 5050。只有 1,627,384,9501,627,384,950 具有这一性质,并且对应的 a=1,627,384,9505050100a=\frac{1,627,384,950-5050}{100} 是正整数。因此正确答案是 A

The sum is 100a+(1++100)100a+(1+\cdots+100) =100a+5050,=100a+5050, so it ends in 50.50. Only 1,627,384,9501,627,384,950 has that property, and it gives the positive integer a=1,627,384,9505050100.a=\frac{1,627,384,950-5050}{100}. Thus A is correct.

21.

对任意正整数 nn,定义 f(n)={log8n,log8nQ,0,log8nQ f(n)= \begin{cases} \log_8n, & \log_8n\in\mathbb{Q},\\ 0, & \log_8n\notin\mathbb{Q} \end{cases}\text{。}n=11997f(n)\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{1997}f(n)

For any positive integer n,n, let f(n)={log8n,log8nQ,0,log8nQ. f(n)= \begin{cases} \log_8n, & \log_8n\in\mathbb{Q},\\ 0, & \log_8n\notin\mathbb{Q}. \end{cases} What is n=11997f(n)?\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{1997}f(n)?

log82047\log_8 2047

66

553\frac{55}{3}

583\frac{58}{3}

585585

答案:C
难度评级:1860
小提示:

判断哪些整数可以写成 8=238=2^3 的有理数次幂

Determine which integers can be rational powers of 8=238=2^3

大提示:

列出不超过 19971997 的所有 22 的幂,并将它们以 88 为底的对数相加

List the powers of 22 not exceeding 19971997 and sum their base-88 logarithms

解答:

对整数 nn,当且仅当 nn22 的幂时,log8n\log_8n 才是有理数。符合条件的数为 n=2kn=2^k,其中 0k100\le k\le10,并且 f(2k)=k3f(2^k)=\frac{k}{3}。因此总和为 0+1++103=553\frac{0+1+\cdots+10}{3}=\frac{55}{3},所以正确答案是 C

For integer n,n, log8n\log_8n is rational exactly when nn is a power of 2.2. The relevant values are n=2kn=2^k for 0k10,0\le k\le10, and f(2k)=k3.f(2^k)=\frac{k}{3}. Therefore the sum is 0+1++103=553,\frac{0+1+\cdots+10}{3}=\frac{55}{3}, so C is correct.

22.

阿什莉、贝蒂、卡洛斯、迪克和埃尔金一起去购物。每个人可花的钱数都是整数美元,他们共有 $56\$56。阿什莉和贝蒂可花金额之差的绝对值为 $19\$19。贝蒂与卡洛斯的金额之差的绝对值为 $7\$7,卡洛斯与迪克为 $5\$5,迪克与埃尔金为 $4\$4,埃尔金与阿什莉为 $11\$11。埃尔金有多少钱?

Ashley, Betty, Carlos, Dick, and Elgin went shopping. Each had a whole number of dollars to spend, and together they had $56.\$56. The absolute difference between the amounts Ashley and Betty had to spend was $19.\$19. The absolute difference between the amounts Betty and Carlos had was $7,\$7, between Carlos and Dick was $5,\$5, between Dick and Elgin was $4,\$4, and between Elgin and Ashley was $11.\$11. How much did Elgin have?

$6\$6

$7\$7

$8\$8

$9\$9

$10\$10

答案:E
难度评级:2010
小提示:

沿五人组成的环,为每个相邻金额之差选定正负号

Assign a sign to each successive difference around the five-person cycle

大提示:

在计算五人的金额总和之前,先利用这些带符号的差之和必须为零

The signed differences must total zero before the five amounts can be summed

解答:

环上各差的绝对值为 19197755441111,而带符号的差之和为 00。因此正负两组中的一组之和必须是 4646 的一半,即 2323。唯一的分组是 19+4=7+5+1119+4=7+5+11。按一种方向取符号时,各人的金额满足 A=E+11A=E+11B=E8B=E-8C=E1C=E-1D=E+4D=E+4。总金额为 5E+65E+6,所以 5E+6=565E+6=56,从而 E=10E=10。若把所有符号反向,则有 5E6=565E-6=56,得不到整数 EE。因此埃尔金有 $10\$10,正确答案是 E

The signed differences around the cycle have magnitudes 19,19, 7,7, 5,5, 4,4, 1111 and sum 0.0. Thus one side of the sign split must total half of 46,46, namely 23.23. The only split is 19+4=7+5+11.19+4=7+5+11. In one orientation, the amounts are A=E+11,A=E+11, B=E8,B=E-8, C=E1,C=E-1, and D=E+4.D=E+4. Their total is 5E+6,5E+6, so 5E+6=565E+6=56 and E=10.E=10. Reversing every sign would give 5E6=56,5E-6=56, not an integral E.E. Thus Elgin had $10\$10 and E is correct.

23.

图中,多边形 AAEEFF 是等腰直角三角形;BBCCDD 是边长为 11 的正方形;GG 是等边三角形。沿各边折叠此图,可以形成一个以这些多边形为面的多面体。这个多面体的体积为

In the figure, polygons A,A, E,E, and FF are isosceles right triangles; B,B, C,C, and DD are squares with sides of length 1;1; and GG is an equilateral triangle. The figure can be folded along its edges to form a polyhedron having the polygons as faces. The volume of this polyhedron is

12\frac12

23\frac23

34\frac34

56\frac56

43\frac43

答案:D
难度评级:2120
小提示:

注意三个单位正方形可以看成立方体在同一顶点相交的三个面

Recognize the three unit-square faces as faces meeting at a corner of a unit cube

大提示:

各三角形面封住了从这个立方体切去一个角后所得的立体

The triangular faces cap the solid obtained by slicing one corner from that cube

解答:

这个展开图形成一个切去一角的单位立方体。被切去的部分是一个三条单位棱两两垂直的三棱锥,因此其体积为 13121=16\frac13\cdot\frac12\cdot1=\frac{1}{6}。剩余多面体的体积为 116=561-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{5}{6},正确答案是 D

The net forms a unit cube with one corner cut off. The removed corner is a triangular pyramid with three mutually perpendicular unit edges, so its volume is 13121=16.\frac13\cdot\frac12\cdot1=\frac{1}{6}. The remaining polyhedron has volume 116=56,1-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{5}{6}, and the correct answer is D.

24.

递增数是指每一位数字都大于其左边所有数字的正整数,例如 3468934689。共有 (95)=126\binom95=126 个五位递增数。将这些数从小到大排列后,列表中的第 9797 个数不含数字

A rising number, such as 34689,34689, is a positive integer each digit of which is larger than each of the digits to its left. There are (95)=126\binom95=126 five-digit rising numbers. When these numbers are arranged from smallest to largest, the 9797th number in the list does not contain the digit

44

55

66

77

88

答案:B
难度评级:2120
小提示:

先数出以 11 开头的递增数有多少个,再数以 2323 开头的

Count how many rising numbers begin with 11, then with 2323

大提示:

排除这两组后,列出最前面的几个以 2424 开头的数

After those blocks, list the first few numbers beginning with 2424

解答:

11 开头的共有 (84)=70\binom84=70 个。在以 22 开头的数中,最前面的 (63)=20\binom63=20 个以 2323 开头,占据第 7171 至第 9090 位。因此总列表中的第 9797 个数,是以 2424 开头的第七个数:24567,24568,24569,24578,24579,24589,24678 \begin{gathered} 24567,24568,24569,24578,\\ 24579,24589,24678 \end{gathered}\text{。}2467824678 不含 55,所以正确答案是 B

There are (84)=70\binom84=70 beginning with 1.1. Among those beginning with 2,2, the first (63)=20\binom63=20 begin with 23,23, occupying positions 717190.90. Thus the 9797th overall is the seventh beginning with 24:24: 24567,24568,24569,24578,24579,24589,24678. \begin{gathered} 24567,24568,24569,24578,\\ 24579,24589,24678. \end{gathered} The number 2467824678 omits 5,5, so B is correct.

25.

ABCDABCD 为平行四边形,空间中的射线 AA\overrightarrow{AA'}BB\overrightarrow{BB'}CC\overrightarrow{CC'}DD\overrightarrow{DD'} 互相平行,并且位于 ABCDABCD 所在平面的同一侧。若 AA=10AA'=10BB=8BB'=8CC=18CC'=18DD=22DD'=22,且 MMNN 分别是 ACA'C'BDB'D' 的中点,则 MN=MN=

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram and let AA,\overrightarrow{AA'}, BB,\overrightarrow{BB'}, CC,\overrightarrow{CC'}, and DD\overrightarrow{DD'} be parallel rays in space on the same side of the plane determined by ABCD.ABCD. If AA=10,AA'=10, BB=8,BB'=8, CC=18,CC'=18, DD=22,DD'=22, and MM and NN are the midpoints of ACA'C' and BD,B'D', respectively, then MN=MN=

00

11

22

33

44

答案:B
难度评级:2010
小提示:

使用向量以及平行四边形恒等式 A+C=B+DA+C=B+D

Use vectors and the parallelogram identity A+C=B+DA+C=B+D

大提示:

两个中点在平面方向上的分量相同,只需比较沿射线方向的分量

The planar components of the two midpoints coincide; compare only their ray-direction components

解答:

取各射线的共同方向为单位向量 uu。于是 M=A+C2+14u,N=B+D2+15u \begin{aligned} M&=\frac{A+C}{2}+14u,\\ N&=\frac{B+D}{2}+15u \end{aligned}\text{。}对于平行四边形有 A+C=B+DA+C=B+D,所以 NM=uN-M=u,从而 MN=1MN=1。正确答案是 B

Choose the common ray direction as a unit vector u.u. Then M=A+C2+14u,N=B+D2+15u. \begin{aligned} M&=\frac{A+C}{2}+14u,\\ N&=\frac{B+D}{2}+15u. \end{aligned} Since A+C=B+DA+C=B+D for a parallelogram, NM=u,N-M=u, so MN=1.MN=1. The correct answer is B.

26.

给定同一平面内的三角形 ABCABC 和点 PP。点 PPAABB 的距离相等,角 APBAPB 是角 ACBACB 的两倍,并且 AC\overline{AC}BP\overline{BP} 交于点 DD。若 PB=3PB=3PD=2PD=2,则 ADCD=AD\cdot CD=

Triangle ABCABC and point PP in the same plane are given. Point PP is equidistant from AA and B,B, angle APBAPB is twice angle ACB,ACB, and AC\overline{AC} intersects BP\overline{BP} at point D.D. If PB=3PB=3 and PD=2,PD=2, then ADCD=AD\cdot CD=

55

66

77

88

99

答案:A
知识点:circles圆幂
难度评级:2170
小提示:

作以 PP 为圆心并经过 AABB 的圆

Draw the circle centered at PP through AA and BB

大提示:

圆心角条件说明 CC 也在这个圆上,因此可在 DD 点应用相交弦定理

The central-angle condition puts CC on that circle, so apply intersecting chords at DD

解答:

因为 PA=PBPA=PB,作以 PP 为圆心并经过这两点的圆。条件 APB=2ACB\angle APB=2\angle ACB 正是圆心角与圆周角的关系,所以 CC 也在同一个圆上。直线 PBPB 与圆的另一个交点记为 EE,则 PE=3PE=3。由点 DD 的幂可得 ADCD=DEDB=(32)(3+2)=5 \begin{aligned} AD\cdot CD&=DE\cdot DB\\ &=(3-2)(3+2)=5 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此正确答案是 A

Because PA=PB,PA=PB, draw their circle with center P.P. The condition APB=2ACB\angle APB=2\angle ACB is the central-inscribed angle relation, so CC lies on the same circle. Along line PB,PB, the other circle intersection is EE with PE=3.PE=3. Power of DD gives ADCD=DEDB=(32)(3+2)=5. \begin{aligned} AD\cdot CD&=DE\cdot DB\\ &=(3-2)(3+2)=5. \end{aligned} Thus A is correct.

27.

考虑所有对任意实数 xx 都满足 f(x+4)+f(x4)=f(x)f(x+4)+f(x-4)=f(x) 的函数 ff。每个这样的函数都是周期函数,并且存在一个它们共有的最小正周期 pp。求 pp

Consider those functions ff that satisfy f(x+4)+f(x4)=f(x)f(x+4)+f(x-4)=f(x) for all real x.x. Any such function is periodic, and there is a least common positive period pp for all of them. Find p.p.

88

1212

1616

2424

3232

答案:D
难度评级:2180
小提示:

固定 xx,研究数列 un=f(x+4n)u_n=f(x+4n)

For fixed xx, study the sequence un=f(x+4n)u_n=f(x+4n)

大提示:

反复使用 un+1+un1=unu_{n+1}+u_{n-1}=u_n,找出任意初始二元组何时恢复原状

Use un+1+un1=unu_{n+1}+u_{n-1}=u_n repeatedly to find when every initial pair returns

解答:

un=f(x+4n)u_n=f(x+4n),原方程化为 un+1=unun1u_{n+1}=u_n-u_{n-1}。从 u0,u1u_0,u_1 出发,数列依次为 u0,u1,u1u0,u0,u1,u0u1,u0,u1, \begin{gathered} u_0,u_1,u_1-u_0,-u_0,\\ -u_1,u_0-u_1,u_0,u_1,\ldots \end{gathered}\text{,}因此每个这样的函数都有周期 64=246\cdot4=24。又因为 f(x)=sin(πx12)f(x)=\sin(\frac{\pi x}{12}) 满足原方程且最小正周期为 2424,所以这个公周期不能再小。故正确答案是 D

For un=f(x+4n),u_n=f(x+4n), the equation is un+1=unun1.u_{n+1}=u_n-u_{n-1}. Starting from u0,u1,u_0,u_1, the sequence is u0,u1,u1u0,u0,u1,u0u1,u0,u1,, \begin{gathered} u_0,u_1,u_1-u_0,-u_0,\\ -u_1,u_0-u_1,u_0,u_1,\ldots, \end{gathered} so every such function has period 64=24.6\cdot4=24. This is least because f(x)=sin(πx12)f(x)=\sin(\frac{\pi x}{12}) satisfies the equation and has fundamental period 24.24. Hence D is correct.

28.

有多少个整数有序三元组 (a,b,c)(a,b,c) 满足 a+b+c=19,ab+c=97 \begin{aligned} |a+b|+c&=19,\\ ab+|c|&=97 \end{aligned}\text{?}

How many ordered triples of integers (a,b,c)(a,b,c) satisfy a+b+c=19,ab+c=97? \begin{aligned} |a+b|+c&=19,\\ ab+|c|&=97? \end{aligned}

00

44

66

1010

1212

答案:E
难度评级:2290
小提示:

s=a+bs=|a+b|,则 c=19sc=19-s,再根据 cc 的正负分类

Set s=a+bs=|a+b|, so c=19sc=19-s, and split according to the sign of cc

大提示:

c<0c\lt0 时,将所得方程改写为乘积等于 117117 的形式

When c<0c\lt0, rewrite the resulting equations as products equal to 117117

解答:

c0c\ge0,代入并因式分解后,没有任何数对符合 a+ba+b 所需的符号。因此 c<0c\lt0,所以 s>19s\gt19ab+s=116ab+s=116。若 a+b=sa+b=s,则 (a+1)(b+1)=117(a+1)(b+1)=117,得到无序数对 {0,116}\{0,116\}{2,38}\{2,38\}{8,12}\{8,12\}。若 a+b=sa+b=-s,则 (a1)(b1)=117(a-1)(b-1)=117,得到 {116,0}\{-116,0\}{38,2}\{-38,-2\}{12,8}\{-12,-8\}。每个无序数对都有两种次序,因此共有 62=126\cdot2=12 个三元组。正确答案是 E

If c0,c\ge0, substitution and factoring lead to no pair consistent with the required sign of a+b.a+b. Thus c<0,c\lt0, so s>19s\gt19 and ab+s=116.ab+s=116. If a+b=s,a+b=s, then (a+1)(b+1)=117,(a+1)(b+1)=117, producing the unordered pairs {0,116},\{0,116\}, {2,38},\{2,38\}, {8,12}.\{8,12\}. If a+b=s,a+b=-s, then (a1)(b1)=117,(a-1)(b-1)=117, producing {116,0},\{-116,0\}, {38,2},\{-38,-2\}, {12,8}.\{-12,-8\}. Each unordered pair has two orders, giving 62=126\cdot2=12 triples. The correct answer is E.

29.

若一个正实数存在只由数字 0077 组成的十进制表示,就称它为特殊数。例如,70099=7.07=7.070707\frac{700}{99}=7.07=7.070707\ldots77.00777.007 都是特殊数。求最小的 nn,使 11 可以表示为 nn 个特殊数之和。

Call a positive real number special if it has a decimal representation that consists entirely of digits 00 and 7.7. For example, 70099=7.07=7.070707\frac{700}{99}=7.07=7.070707\ldots and 77.00777.007 are special numbers. What is the smallest nn such that 11 can be written as a sum of nn special numbers?

77

88

99

1010

11 不能表示为有限个特殊数之和

11 cannot be represented as a sum of finitely many special numbers

答案:B
难度评级:2410
小提示:

若有 aka_k 个加数在第 kk 个小数位上是 77,将等式两边除以 77

If aka_k summands have 77 in decimal place kk, divide the sum by 77

大提示:

将所得的各位计数与 17\frac{1}{7} 的循环小数比较,再寻找一个以六位为周期的构造

Compare the resulting digit counts with the repeating decimal for 17\frac{1}{7}, then seek a six-digit repeating construction

解答:

假设 11nn 个特殊数之和,并令 aka_k 表示在第 kk 个小数位上取数字 77 的加数个数。将等式两边除以 77,可得 17=a110+a2102+=0.142857 \begin{aligned} \frac17&=\frac{a_1}{10}+\frac{a_2}{10^2}+\cdots\\ &=0.\overline{142857} \end{aligned}\text{。}n9n\le9 时,每个 aka_k 都是一位数字,所以 a1,a2,=1,4,2,8,5,7,a_1,a_2,\ldots=1,4,2,8,5,7,\ldots;因此 n8n\ge8。八个就足够,因为以下六位循环块所表示的特殊循环小数满足 700700+2(070707)+2(077777)+3(000777)=999999 \begin{aligned} 700700+2(070707)\\ {}+2(077777)\\ {}+3(000777)&=999999 \end{aligned}\text{。}它们的和为 11。因此最小值为 88,正确答案是 B

Suppose 11 is a sum of nn special numbers, and let aka_k count summands having a 77 in the kkth decimal place. Dividing by 77 gives 17=a110+a2102+=0.142857. \begin{aligned} \frac17&=\frac{a_1}{10}+\frac{a_2}{10^2}+\cdots\\ &=0.\overline{142857}. \end{aligned} For n9,n\le9, each aka_k is a digit, so a1,a2,=1,4,2,8,5,7,;a_1,a_2,\ldots=1,4,2,8,5,7,\ldots; hence n8.n\ge8. Eight suffice because the repeating special decimals represented by 700700+2(070707)+2(077777)+3(000777)=999999. \begin{aligned} 700700+2(070707)\\ {}+2(077777)\\ {}+3(000777)&=999999. \end{aligned} Their sum is 1.1. Therefore the minimum is 8,8, and B is correct.

30.

对正整数 nn,用 D(n)D(n) 表示 nn 的二进制表示中相邻且不同的数字对的个数。例如,D(3)=D(112)=0D(3)=D(11_2)=0D(21)=D(101012)=4D(21)=D(10101_2)=4D(97)=D(11000012)=2D(97)=D(1100001_2)=2。有多少个不超过 9797 的正整数 nn 满足 D(n)=2D(n)=2

For positive integers n,n, denote by D(n)D(n) the number of pairs of different adjacent digits in the binary (base two) representation of n.n. For example, D(3)=D(112)=0,D(3)=D(11_2)=0, D(21)=D(101012)=4,D(21)=D(10101_2)=4, and D(97)=D(11000012)=2.D(97)=D(1100001_2)=2. For how many positive integers nn less than or equal to 9797 does D(n)=2?D(n)=2?

1616

2020

2626

3030

3535

答案:C
难度评级:2290
小提示:

符合条件的二进制数由一段 11、一段 00、再一段 11 组成

A valid binary numeral consists of a block of 11s, then 00s, then 11s

大提示:

按位数统计三至六位的情况,再单独处理七位数的上界 97=1100001297=1100001_2

Count by bit length through six bits, then handle the seven-bit cutoff 97=1100001297=1100001_2 separately

解答:

一个恰好发生两次数字变化的 dd 位二进制数必为 1a0b1c1^a0^b1^c 的形式,其中 aabbcc 均为正整数,因此共有 (d12)\binom{d-1}{2} 种。对 d=3d=3d=4d=4d=5d=5d=6d=6,总数为 1+3+6+10=201+3+6+10=20。在不超过 11000012=971100001_2=97 的七位数中,以单个 11 开头的五种形式都符合条件;以至少两个 11 开头的形式中,只有 110000121100001_2 本身符合上界。因此共有 20+6=2620+6=26 个,正确答案是 C

A dd-bit numeral with exactly two changes has form 1a0b1c1^a0^b1^c with positive a,a, b,b, c,c, giving (d12)\binom{d-1}{2} choices. For d=3,d=3, d=4,d=4, d=5,d=5, d=6,d=6, the total is 1+3+6+10=20.1+3+6+10=20. Among seven-bit numbers at most 11000012=97,1100001_2=97, the five forms beginning with one 11 all work, and the only form beginning with at least two 11s is 110000121100001_2 itself. Thus there are 20+6=26,20+6=26, and C is correct.