1970 AMC 12 第 31 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

31.

从所有数位和等于 4343 的五位数中随机选取一个数。这个数能被 1111 整除的概率是多少?

If a number is selected at random from the set of all five-digit numbers in which the sum of the digits is equal to 43,43, what is the probability that this number will be divisible by 11?11?

25\frac{2}{5}

15\frac{1}{5}

16\frac{1}{6}

111\frac{1}{11}

115\frac{1}{15}

答案:B
知识点:数字整除性基本计数基本概率
难度评级:2300
小提示:

9999999999 出发;数位和为 4343 意味着总共减少 22

Start from 9999999999; a digit sum of 4343 means a total deficit of 22

大提示:

可能情况是出现一个 77 或两个 88;应用 1111 的交错和整除判别法

The possibilities are one 77 or two 88s; apply the divisibility-by-1111 alternating-sum test

解答:

五位数最大的数位和为 4545,所以数位和为 4343 的数相对于 9999999999 总共减少 22。一种情况是一个数位为 77,其余数位为 99,共有 55 个数;另一种情况是两个数位为 88,其余数位为 99,共有 (52)=10\binom52=10 个数。因此总共有 1515 个数。

利用 1111 的整除判别法,恰有 97999,99979,98989 97999,\qquad 99979,\qquad 98989 能被 1111 整除。因此概率为 315=15\frac{3}{15}=\frac{1}{5}

因此,正确答案是 B

The maximum five-digit digit sum is 45,45, so a sum of 4343 has total deficit 22 from 99999.99999. Either one digit is 77 and the others are 99, giving 55 numbers, or two digits are 88 and the others are 99, giving (52)=10\binom52=10 numbers. Thus there are 1515 numbers total.

Using the divisibility-by-1111 test, exactly 97999,99979,98989 97999,\qquad 99979,\qquad 98989 are divisible by 11.11. The probability is therefore 315=15.\frac{3}{15}=\frac{1}{5}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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