2026 AIME II 第 12 题

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12.

有一个四面体,它有两个等腰三角形面,边长分别为 5105\sqrt{10}5105\sqrt{10}1010,还有两个等腰三角形面, 边长分别为 5105\sqrt{10}5105\sqrt{10}1818。四面体的四个顶点都在一个以 SS 为球心的球面上, 四个面都与一个以 RR 为球心的球相切。距离 RSRS 可写成 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。 求 m+nm + n

Consider a tetrahedron with two isosceles triangle faces with side lengths 510,5\sqrt{10}, 510,5\sqrt{10}, and 1010 and two isosceles triangle faces with side lengths 510,5\sqrt{10}, 510,5\sqrt{10}, and 18.18. The four vertices of the tetrahedron lie on a sphere with center S,S, and the four faces of the tetrahedron are tangent to a sphere with center R.R. The distance RSRS can be written as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:223
知识点:立体几何坐标几何对称性
难度评级:2990
解答:

四个面的边长总多重集为 {510×8, 10×2, 18×2}\{5\sqrt{10} \times 8,\ 10 \times 2,\ 18 \times 2\},且每条边属于两个面, 所以四面体 ABCDABCD 有相对边 AB=10AB = 10CD=18CD = 18,另外四条边都等于 5105\sqrt{10}。放置为 这是相容的,因为 AC2=25+81+144AC^2 = 25 + 81 + 144 =250= 250 =(510)2= (5\sqrt{10})^2。该构型关于 xxx \to -xyyy \to -y, 对称,所以两个球心都在 zz 轴上。 A=(5,0,12),B=(5,0,12),C=(0,9,0),D=(0,9,0), \begin{aligned} &A = (-5, 0, 12), \\ &B = (5, 0, 12), \\ &C = (0, -9, 0), \\ &D = (0, 9, 0), \end{aligned}

S=(0,0,s)S = (0, 0, s),令到 AA 与到 CC 的距离相等,得 25+(12s)2=81+s225 + (12 - s)^2 = 81 + s^2,所以 s=113s = \frac{11}{3}。对 R=(0,0,t)R = (0, 0, t),面 ABCABC 的平面为 4y3z+36=04y - 3z + 36 = 0,面 ACDACD 的平面为 12x+5z=012x + 5z = 0,等距条件给出 并且由两个镜面对称可知此点到四个面的距离都相等(距离为 4516\frac{45}{16})。 363t5=5t13    t=11716,\frac{36 - 3t}{5} = \frac{5t}{13} \implies t = \frac{117}{16},

因此 RS=11716113RS = \frac{117}{16} - \frac{11}{3} =35117648=17548= \frac{351 - 176}{48} = \frac{175}{48},已经最简, 所以 m+n=175+48=223m + n = 175 + 48 = 223

The four faces have side multiset {510×8, 10×2, 18×2},\{5\sqrt{10} \times 8,\ 10 \times 2,\ 18 \times 2\}, and each edge lies on two faces, so the tetrahedron ABCDABCD has AB=10AB = 10 and CD=18CD = 18 as opposite edges and the other four edges equal to 510.5\sqrt{10}. Place A=(5,0,12),B=(5,0,12),C=(0,9,0),D=(0,9,0), \begin{aligned} &A = (-5, 0, 12), \\ &B = (5, 0, 12), \\ &C = (0, -9, 0), \\ &D = (0, 9, 0), \end{aligned} which is consistent since AC2=25+81+144AC^2 = 25 + 81 + 144 =250= 250 =(510)2.= (5\sqrt{10})^2. The configuration is symmetric under xxx \to -x and under yy,y \to -y, so both centers lie on the zz-axis.

For S=(0,0,s),S = (0, 0, s), equating distances to AA and CC gives 25+(12s)2=81+s2,25 + (12 - s)^2 = 81 + s^2, so s=113.s = \frac{11}{3}. For R=(0,0,t),R = (0, 0, t), face ABCABC has plane 4y3z+36=04y - 3z + 36 = 0 and face ACDACD has plane 12x+5z=0,12x + 5z = 0, so equal distances require 363t5=5t13    t=11716,\frac{36 - 3t}{5} = \frac{5t}{13} \implies t = \frac{117}{16}, and by the two mirror symmetries this point is equidistant (at distance 4516\frac{45}{16}) from all four faces.

Therefore RS=11716113RS = \frac{117}{16} - \frac{11}{3} =35117648=17548,= \frac{351 - 176}{48} = \frac{175}{48}, which is in lowest terms, so m+n=175+48=223.m + n = 175 + 48 = 223.

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