2008 AIME I 第 10 题

先试着解答 2008 AIME I 第 10 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2008 AIME I 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

10.

ABCDABCD 为等腰梯形,ADBC\overline{AD} \parallel \overline{BC},且较长底边 AD\overline{AD} 处的角为 π3\frac{\pi}{3}。两条对角线的长度为 102110\sqrt{21}。点 EE 到顶点 AADD 的距离分别为 10710\sqrt{7}30730\sqrt{7}。令 FF 为从 CCAD\overline{AD} 的高的垂足。距离 EFEF 可写成 mnm\sqrt{n} 的形式,其中 mmnn 为正整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+nm + n

Let ABCDABCD be an isosceles trapezoid with ADBC\overline{AD} \parallel \overline{BC} whose angle at the longer base AD\overline{AD} is π3.\frac{\pi}{3}. The diagonals have length 1021,10\sqrt{21}, and point EE is at distances 10710\sqrt{7} and 30730\sqrt{7} from vertices AA and D,D, respectively. Let FF be the foot of the altitude from CC to AD.\overline{AD}. The distance EFEF can be expressed in the form mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:32
知识点:梯形正弦定理三角不等式极限情形界定
难度评级:2990
解答:

由三角不等式,307=DE30\sqrt{7} = DE DA+AE\le DA + AE =DA+107= DA + 10\sqrt{7},所以 DA207DA \ge 20\sqrt{7}。另一方面,在三角形 ACDACD 中,DD 处的角为 π3\frac{\pi}{3},且 AC=1021AC = 10\sqrt{21},所以正弦定理给出 DA=ACsinDCAsinπ3=10213/2sinDCA=207sinDCA207. \begin{aligned} DA &= \frac{AC \sin\angle DCA}{\sin\frac{\pi}{3}} \\ &= \frac{10\sqrt{21}}{\sqrt{3}/2}\sin\angle DCA \\ &= 20\sqrt{7}\sin\angle DCA \\ &\le 20\sqrt{7}. \end{aligned}

两个界迫使 DA=207DA = 20\sqrt{7},所以 DCA=90\angle DCA = 90^\circ,并且三角不等式取等说明 EE 在线 ADAD 上,且 AADDEE 之间。由直角三角形,DC=DA2AC2DC = \sqrt{DA^2 - AC^2} =28002100= \sqrt{2800 - 2100} =107= 10\sqrt{7},又因为 CDF=60\angle CDF = 60^\circ,垂足满足 DF=DCcos60=57DF = DC\cos 60^\circ = 5\sqrt{7}

FFEE 在线 ADAD 上且位于 DD 的同侧,所以 EF=DEDFEF = DE - DF =30757= 30\sqrt{7} - 5\sqrt{7} =257= 25\sqrt{7},因此 m+n=25+7=32m + n = 25 + 7 = 32

By the triangle inequality, 307=DE30\sqrt{7} = DE DA+AE\le DA + AE =DA+107,= DA + 10\sqrt{7}, so DA207.DA \ge 20\sqrt{7}. On the other hand, in triangle ACDACD the angle at DD is π3\frac{\pi}{3} and AC=1021,AC = 10\sqrt{21}, so the Law of Sines gives DA=ACsinDCAsinπ3=10213/2sinDCA=207sinDCA207. \begin{aligned} DA &= \frac{AC \sin\angle DCA}{\sin\frac{\pi}{3}} \\ &= \frac{10\sqrt{21}}{\sqrt{3}/2}\sin\angle DCA \\ &= 20\sqrt{7}\sin\angle DCA \\ &\le 20\sqrt{7}. \end{aligned}

Both bounds force DA=207,DA = 20\sqrt{7}, so DCA=90,\angle DCA = 90^\circ, and equality in the triangle inequality means EE lies on line ADAD with AA between DD and E.E. From the right triangle, DC=DA2AC2DC = \sqrt{DA^2 - AC^2} =28002100= \sqrt{2800 - 2100} =107,= 10\sqrt{7}, and since CDF=60,\angle CDF = 60^\circ, the foot satisfies DF=DCcos60=57.DF = DC\cos 60^\circ = 5\sqrt{7}.

Points FF and EE are on line ADAD on the same side of D,D, so EF=DEDFEF = DE - DF =30757= 30\sqrt{7} - 5\sqrt{7} =257,= 25\sqrt{7}, and m+n=25+7=32.m + n = 25 + 7 = 32.

← 第 9 题#9
完整试卷

其他年份的第 10 题