2003 AIME I 第 12 题

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12.

在凸四边形 ABCDABCD 中,AC\angle A \cong \angle CAB=CD=180AB = CD = 180, 且 ADBCAD \ne BC。 四边形 ABCDABCD 的周长为 640640。 求 1000cosA\lfloor 1000 \cos A \rfloor。 (记号 x\lfloor x \rfloor 表示小于或等于 xx 的最大整数。)

In convex quadrilateral ABCD,ABCD, AC,\angle A \cong \angle C, AB=CD=180,AB = CD = 180, and ADBC.AD \ne BC. The perimeter of ABCDABCD is 640.640. Find 1000cosA.\lfloor 1000 \cos A \rfloor. (The notation x\lfloor x \rfloor means the greatest integer that is less than or equal to x.x.)

答案:777
知识点:余弦定理平方差
难度评级:2560
解答:

A=C=α\angle A = \angle C = \alphaAD=xAD = xBC=yBC = y。 对角线 BDBD 在三角形 ABDABDCDBCDB 中分别用余弦定理: BD2=x2+18022180xcosα=y2+18022180ycosα. \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= x^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180x\cos\alpha \\ &= y^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180y\cos\alpha. \end{aligned}

整理得 x2y2=2180(xy)cosαx^2 - y^2 = 2 \cdot 180(x - y)\cos\alpha, 因为 xyx \ne y 可除以 xyx - ycosα=x+y360=6402180360=280360=79. \begin{aligned} \cos\alpha &= \frac{x + y}{360} \\ &= \frac{640 - 2 \cdot 180}{360} \\ &= \frac{280}{360} = \frac{7}{9}. \end{aligned}

于是 1000cosA=70009=777.71000\cos A = \frac{7000}{9} = 777.7\ldots, 所以 1000cosA=777\lfloor 1000\cos A \rfloor = 777

Let A=C=α,\angle A = \angle C = \alpha, AD=x,AD = x, and BC=y.BC = y. Applying the Law of Cosines to diagonal BDBD in triangles ABDABD and CDB,CDB, BD2=x2+18022180xcosα=y2+18022180ycosα. \begin{aligned} BD^2 &= x^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180x\cos\alpha \\ &= y^2 + 180^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 180y\cos\alpha. \end{aligned}

Rearranging gives x2y2=2180(xy)cosα,x^2 - y^2 = 2 \cdot 180(x - y)\cos\alpha, and since xyx \ne y we may divide by xy:x - y: cosα=x+y360=6402180360=280360=79. \begin{aligned} \cos\alpha &= \frac{x + y}{360} \\ &= \frac{640 - 2 \cdot 180}{360} \\ &= \frac{280}{360} = \frac{7}{9}. \end{aligned}

Then 1000cosA=70009=777.7,1000\cos A = \frac{7000}{9} = 777.7\ldots, so 1000cosA=777.\lfloor 1000\cos A \rfloor = 777.

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