1985 AIME 第 9 题

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9.

在一个圆中,长度分别为 22、33 和 44 的平行弦所对的圆心角依次为 α\alpha、β\beta 和 α+β\alpha+\beta 弧度,其中 α+β<π\alpha+\beta\lt\pi。正有理数 cos⁡α\cos\alpha 写成最简分数后,其分子与分母之和是多少?

In a circle, parallel chords of lengths 2,2, 3,3, and 44 determine central angles of α,\alpha, β,\beta, and α+β\alpha+\beta radians, respectively, where α+β<π.\alpha+\beta\lt\pi. If cos⁡α,\cos\alpha, which is a positive rational number, is expressed as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the sum of its numerator and denominator?

答案:49
知识点:弦三角恒等式方程组
难度评级:2410
小提示:

所对圆心角为 θ\theta 的弦长为 2Rsin⁡(θ2)2R\sin(\frac{\theta}{2})

A chord subtending angle θ\theta has length 2Rsin⁡(θ2)2R\sin(\frac{\theta}{2})

大提示:

令 x=cos⁡(α2)x=\cos(\frac{\alpha}{2}),且 y=cos⁡(β2)y=\cos(\frac{\beta}{2}),再消去共同的半径

Let x=cos⁡(α2)x=\cos(\frac{\alpha}{2}) and y=cos⁡(β2),y=\cos(\frac{\beta}{2}), then eliminate the common radius

解答:

令 k=12Rk=\frac{1}{2R}、x=cos⁡(α2)x=\cos(\frac{\alpha}{2}),且 y=cos⁡(β2)y=\cos(\frac{\beta}{2})。由弦长数据可得 sin⁡α2=2k,sin⁡β2=3k,sin⁡α+β2=4k。 \begin{aligned} \sin\frac\alpha2&=2k,\\ \sin\frac\beta2&=3k,\\ \sin\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}&=4k \end{aligned}\text{。}和角公式给出 2y+3x=42y+3x=4。另外,1−x24=1−y29, \frac{1-x^2}{4}=\frac{1-y^2}{9}\text{,}所以 9x2−4y2=59x^2-4y^2=5。代入 y=4−3x2y=\frac{4-3x}{2} 得 x=78x=\frac{7}{8}。因此 cos⁡α=2x2−1=1732, \cos\alpha=2x^2-1=\frac{17}{32}\text{,}所求之和为 17+32=4917+32=49。

Put k=12R,k=\frac{1}{2R}, x=cos⁡(α2),x=\cos(\frac{\alpha}{2}), and y=cos⁡(β2).y=\cos(\frac{\beta}{2}). The chord data give sin⁡α2=2k,sin⁡β2=3k,sin⁡α+β2=4k. \begin{aligned} \sin\frac\alpha2&=2k,\\ \sin\frac\beta2&=3k,\\ \sin\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}&=4k. \end{aligned} The addition formula yields 2y+3x=4.2y+3x=4. Also 1−x24=1−y29, \frac{1-x^2}{4}=\frac{1-y^2}{9}, so 9x2−4y2=5.9x^2-4y^2=5. Substituting y=4−3x2y=\frac{4-3x}{2} gives x=78.x=\frac{7}{8}. Hence cos⁡α=2x2−1=1732, \cos\alpha=2x^2-1=\frac{17}{32}, and the requested sum is 17+32=49.17+32=49.

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