1959 AMC 12 第 32 题

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32.

从点 AA 向一个圆所作切线段长 ll 是半径 rr43\dfrac43。点 AA 到该圆的最短距离为:

The length ll of a tangent, drawn from a point AA to a circle, is 43\dfrac43 of the radius r.r. The (shortest) distance from AA to the circle is:

12r\dfrac12r

rr

12l\dfrac12l

23l\dfrac23l

介于 rrll 之间的一个值

a value between rr and ll

答案:C
知识点:切线直角三角形
难度评级:1280
小提示:

连接 AA 与圆心及切点

Join AA to the center and to the point of tangency

大提示:

利用两直角边为 rrl=4r3l=\frac{4r}{3} 的直角三角形

Use the right triangle with legs rr and l=4r3l=\frac{4r}{3}

解答:

OO 为圆心,TT 为切点,则 OTATOT\perp AT。因此 AO=r2+l2=r2+16r29=5r3 \begin{aligned} AO &=\sqrt{r^2+l^2}\\ &=\sqrt{r^2+\frac{16r^2}{9}}\\ &=\frac{5r}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}AA 到圆的最短距离为 AOr=2r3AO-r=\frac{2r}{3}。由于 l=4r3l=\frac{4r}{3},此距离等于 l2\frac{l}{2}

因此,正确答案是 C

If OO is the center and TT the point of tangency, then OTAT.OT\perp AT. Hence AO=r2+l2=r2+16r29=5r3. \begin{aligned} AO &=\sqrt{r^2+l^2}\\ &=\sqrt{r^2+\frac{16r^2}{9}}\\ &=\frac{5r}{3}. \end{aligned} The shortest distance from AA to the circle is AOr=2r3.AO-r=\frac{2r}{3}. Since l=4r3,l=\frac{4r}{3}, this distance equals l2.\frac{l}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

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