1957 AMC 12 第 32 题

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32.

下列整数中,能整除数列 1511^5-12522^5-23533^5-3\ldotsn5nn^5-n\ldots 每一项的最大整数是:

The largest of the following integers which divides each of the numbers of the sequence 151,1^5-1, 252,2^5-2, 353,3^5-3, \ldots n5n,n^5-n, \ldots is:

11

6060

1515

120120

3030

答案:E
知识点:整除性模运算费马小定理
难度评级:1790
小提示:

证明 n5nn^5-n 总能被 223355 整除

Show n5nn^5-n is always divisible by 2,2, 3,3, and 55

大提示:

利用连续因子处理 2233,再用模 55 的余数处理剩余因子

Use consecutive factors for 22 and 3,3, and residues modulo 55 for the remaining factor

解答:

因式分解得 n5n=n(n1)(n+1)(n2+1) \begin{aligned} n^5-n &=n(n-1)(n+1)\\ &\quad\cdot(n^2+1) \end{aligned}\text{。}三个连续整数中有一个能被 33 整除,且至少有一个是偶数,所以该式能被 66 整除。又因为对每个整数 nn 都有 n5n(mod5)n^5\equiv n\pmod5,所以它也能被 55 整除。因此每一项都能被 3030 整除。取 n=2n=2 时,252=302^5-2=30,所以选项中没有更大的整数能整除每一项。

因此,正确答案是 E

Factor n5n=n(n1)(n+1)(n2+1). \begin{aligned} n^5-n &=n(n-1)(n+1)\\ &\quad\cdot(n^2+1). \end{aligned} Among three consecutive integers, one is divisible by 33 and at least one is even, so the expression is divisible by 6.6. Also n5n(mod5)n^5\equiv n\pmod5 for every integer n,n, so it is divisible by 5.5. Hence every term is divisible by 30.30. Taking n=2n=2 gives 252=30,2^5-2=30, so no larger listed integer can divide every term.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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