1958 AMC 12 第 32 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

32.

一位牧场主用 $1000\$1000 购买每头 $25\$25 的阉牛和每头 $26\$26 的母牛。若阉牛数 ss 和母牛数 cc 都是正整数,则:

With $1000\$1000 a rancher is to buy steers at $25\$25 each and cows at $26\$26 each. If the number of steers ss and the number of cows cc are both positive integers, then:

此题无解

this problem has no solution

有两个满足 ss 大于 cc 的解

there are two solutions with ss exceeding cc

有两个满足 cc 大于 ss 的解

there are two solutions with cc exceeding ss

有一个满足 ss 大于 cc 的解

there is one solution with ss exceeding cc

有一个满足 cc 大于 ss 的解

there is one solution with cc exceeding ss

答案:E
知识点:丢番图方程模运算极限情形界定
难度评级:1630
小提示:

写出 25s+26c=100025s+26c=1000,并对 2525 取模

Write 25s+26c=100025s+26c=1000 and reduce it modulo 2525

大提示:

同余条件和正数条件使 cc 只有一个可能的正值

The congruence and positivity leave only one possible positive value of cc

解答:

购买方程为 25s+26c=1000 25s+26c=1000\text{。}2525 取模得 c0(mod25)c\equiv0\pmod{25}。由于 cc 为正且 26c<100026c<1000,唯一可能是 c=25c=25。于是 s=100026(25)25=14 s=\frac{1000-26(25)}{25}=14\text{。}只有一个解,并且 c>sc>s

所以正确答案为 E

The purchase equation is 25s+26c=1000. 25s+26c=1000. Reducing modulo 2525 gives c0(mod25).c\equiv0\pmod{25}. Since cc is positive and 26c<1000,26c<1000, the only possibility is c=25.c=25. Then s=100026(25)25=14. s=\frac{1000-26(25)}{25}=14. There is one solution, and c>s.c>s.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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