2019 AMC 10B 第 24 题

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24.

定义数列 x0=5x_0=5,且 对所有非负整数 nn 都成立。设 mm 为满足 的最小正整数。mm 落在哪个区间内? xn+1=xn2+5xn+4xn+6x_{n+1}=\frac{x_n^2+5x_n+4}{x_n+6} xm4+1220.x_m\leq 4+\frac{1}{2^{20}}.

Define a sequence recursively by x0=5x_0=5 and xn+1=xn2+5xn+4xn+6x_{n+1}=\frac{x_n^2+5x_n+4}{x_n+6} for all nonnegative integers n.n. Let mm be the least positive integer such that xm4+1220.x_m\leq 4+\frac{1}{2^{20}}. In which of the following intervals does mm lie?

[9,26][9,26]

[27,80][27,80]

[81,242][81,242]

[243,728][243,728]

[729,)[729,\infty)

答案:C
知识点:递推不等式极限情形界定
难度评级:2380
解答:

an=xn4a_n=x_n-4,则 a0=1a_0=1。化简递推式可得 只要 0<an10<a_n\le1,就有 an+1=an(an+9)an+10.a_{n+1}=\frac{a_n(a_n+9)}{a_n+10}. 910anan+11011an.\frac9{10}a_n\le a_{n+1}\le\frac{10}{11}a_n.

由归纳法,(910)nan(1011)n\left(\dfrac9{10}\right)^n\le a_n\le\left(\dfrac{10}{11}\right)^n。当 n=80n=80 时,(109)80<220\left(\dfrac{10}{9}\right)^{80}<2^{20},所以 (910)80>220\left(\dfrac9{10}\right)^{80}>2^{-20},从而 m>80m>80

另一方面,(1110)8>2\left(\dfrac{11}{10}\right)^8>2,所以 (1011)160<220\left(\dfrac{10}{11}\right)^{160}<2^{-20},从而 m160m\le160。于是 81m16081\le m\le160,所以 mm 位于 [81,242][81,242]。正确答案是 C

Let an=xn4a_n=x_n-4. Then a0=1a_0=1, and simplifying the recurrence gives an+1=an(an+9)an+10.a_{n+1}=\frac{a_n(a_n+9)}{a_n+10}. As long as 0<an10<a_n\le1, this implies 910anan+11011an.\frac9{10}a_n\le a_{n+1}\le\frac{10}{11}a_n.

By induction, (910)nan(1011)n\left(\dfrac9{10}\right)^n\le a_n\le\left(\dfrac{10}{11}\right)^n. For n=80n=80, (109)80<220\left(\dfrac{10}{9}\right)^{80}<2^{20}, so (910)80>220\left(\dfrac9{10}\right)^{80}>2^{-20}, and therefore m>80m>80.

Also (1110)8>2\left(\dfrac{11}{10}\right)^8>2, so (1011)160<220\left(\dfrac{10}{11}\right)^{160}<2^{-20}, which gives m160m\le160. Hence 81m16081\le m\le160, so mm lies in [81,242][81,242]. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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