2011 AMC 10B 第 24 题

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24.

xyxy 坐标系中,格点是指 (x,y)(x, y)xxyy 都为整数的点。直线 y=mx+2y = mx +2 不经过任何满足 0<x1000 < x \le 100 的格点,且对所有 mm,若 12<m<a\frac{1}{2} < m < a,这一结论都成立。aa 的最大可能值是多少?

A lattice point in an xyxy-coordinate system is any point (x,y)(x, y) where both xx and yy are integers. The graph of y=mx+2y = mx +2 passes through no lattice point with 0<x1000 < x \le 100 for all mm such that 12<m<a.\frac{1}{2} < m < a. What is the maximum possible value of a?a?

51101\dfrac{51}{101}

5099\dfrac{50}{99}

51100\dfrac{51}{100}

52101\dfrac{52}{101}

1325\dfrac{13}{25}

答案:B
知识点:格点斜率奇偶性
难度评级:2350
小提示:

mxmx 为整数时,向下平移 22 后的直线会经过格点。

A lattice point occurs when mxmx is an integer after shifting down by 22

大提示:

检查大于 x2\frac{x}{2} 的最小整数,其中 1x1001\le x\le100

Check the nearest integer above x2\frac{x}{2} for each 1x1001\le x\le100

解答:

将图像下移 22。问题等价于找最小的 m>12m\gt\dfrac12,使直线 y=mxy=mx 经过某个满足 0<x1000\lt x\le100 的格点。

对固定整数 xx,最小整数 yy 必须满足 yx>12\frac{y}{x}\gt\frac{1}{2}。它为 x2+1\frac{x}{2}+1(若 xx 为偶数),以及 x+12\frac{x+1}{2}(若 xx 为奇数)。

候选斜率为 12+1x\dfrac12+\dfrac1x(当 xx 为偶数),在 x=100x=100 时最小为 51100\dfrac{51}{100}。候选斜率为 12+12x\dfrac12+\dfrac1{2x}(若 xx 为奇数),在 x=99x=99 时最小为 5099\dfrac{50}{99}

两类中较小的端点是 5099\dfrac{50}{99}。因此当 mm 满足 12<m<5099\dfrac12\lt m\lt\dfrac{50}{99} 时不会经过这些格点,而这个上端点已经是可能的最大值。

所以正确答案是 B

Shift the graph down by 22. The problem is equivalent to finding the smallest slope m>12m\gt\dfrac12 for which y=mxy=mx passes through a lattice point with 0<x1000\lt x\le100.

For a fixed integer xx, the smallest integer yy with yx>12\frac{y}{x}\gt\frac{1}{2} is x2+1\frac{x}{2}+1 when xx is even, and x+12\frac{x+1}{2} when xx is odd.

Thus the candidate slopes are 12+1x\dfrac12+\dfrac1x for even xx, minimized at x=100x=100 as 51100\dfrac{51}{100}, and 12+12x\dfrac12+\dfrac1{2x} for odd xx, minimized at x=99x=99 as 5099\dfrac{50}{99}.

The smaller of these is 5099\dfrac{50}{99}, so every mm with 12<m<5099\dfrac12\lt m\lt\dfrac{50}{99} avoids such lattice points, and this upper endpoint is best possible.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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