2012 AMC 10A 第 24 题

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24.

正整数 aabbcc 满足 abca\ge b\ge c,且 a2b2c2+ab=2011a^2-b^2-c^2+ab=2011 以及 a2+3b2+3c23ab2ac2bca^2+3b^2+3c^2-3ab-2ac-2bc=1997=-1997\text{。}aa

Let a,a, b,b, and cc be positive integers with abca\ge b\ge c such that a2b2c2+ab=2011a^2-b^2-c^2+ab=2011 and a2+3b2+3c23ab2ac2bca^2+3b^2+3c^2-3ab-2ac-2bc=1997.=-1997. What is a?a?

249249

250250

251251

252252

253253

答案:E
知识点:代数变形丢番图方程分类讨论
难度评级:2350
小提示:

先把两个方程相加。

Add the two equations first

大提示:

三个平方差必须以某种顺序等于 9,4,19,4,1

The three squared differences must be 9,4,19,4,1 in some order

解答:

两个方程相加,得到 2(a2+b2+c2)2(ab+ac+bc) 2(a^2 + b^2 + c^2) - 2(ab + ac + bc) =14 = 14\text{。}

把左边分组并因式分解,得到 (ab)2+(ac)2+(bc)2 (a - b)^2 + (a - c)^2 + (b - c)^2 =14 = 14\text{。}

左边每一项都是非负整数的平方。三个平方数和为 1414 的唯一方式是 9,49, 411

在三组差中,aca - c 最大,所以 ac=3a - c = 3

还不能确定另外两个差分别对应哪个平方。先试 ab=1a - b = 1bc=2b - c = 2

把这些值代入第一个方程,得到 a2(a1)2(a3)2 a^2 - (a - 1)^2 - (a - 3)^2 +a(a1)=2011 + a(a - 1) = 2011\text{。} 化简得 7a=20217a = 2021。由于 20212021 不能被 77 整除,所以应有 ab=2a - b = 2bc=1b - c = 1

在另一种情形下,b=a2b=a-2c=a3c=a-3。第一个方程变为 a2(a2)2(a3)2+a(a2)=2011\begin{aligned} a^2-(a-2)^2-(a-3)^2\\ {}+a(a-2)&=2011 \end{aligned}\text{,}8a13=20118a-13=2011。因此 a=253a=253

所以正确答案是 E

Adding together the equations gives us 2(a2+b2+c2)2(ab+ac+bc) 2(a^2 + b^2 + c^2) - 2(ab + ac + bc)=14. = 14.

We can group terms and factor this to get (ab)2+(ac)2+(bc)2 (a - b)^2 + (a - c)^2 + (b - c)^2=14. = 14.

Note that every term on the left hand side is a nonnegative square integer. The only triple of squares that add to 1414 is 9,4,9, 4, and 1.1.

We have that aca - c is the biggest difference among the three pairs. Therefore, ac=3.a - c = 3.

We cannot discern which of the other terms we can match with the other squares. Let us try ab=1a - b = 1 and bc=2.b - c = 2.

Plugging in these values into the first equation gives us a2(a1)2(a3)2 a^2 - (a - 1)^2 - (a - 3)^2 +a(a1)=2011. + a(a - 1) = 2011. Simplifying yields 7a=2021.7a = 2021. Since 20212021 is not divisible by 7,7, we have that ab=2a - b = 2 and bc=1.b - c = 1.

In the other case, b=a2b=a-2 and c=a3.c=a-3. The first equation becomes a2(a2)2(a3)2+a(a2)=2011,\begin{aligned} a^2-(a-2)^2-(a-3)^2\\ {}+a(a-2)&=2011, \end{aligned} or 8a13=2011.8a-13=2011. Hence a=253.a=253.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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