2002 AMC 10A 第 24 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

24.

Tina 从集合 {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\} 中随机选择两个不同的数,Sergio 从集合 {1,2,,10}\{1,2,\ldots,10\} 中随机选择一个数。Sergio 选的数大于 Tina 所选两个数之和的概率是多少?

Tina randomly selects two distinct numbers from the set {1,2,3,4,5},\{1,2,3,4,5\}, and Sergio randomly selects a number from the set {1,2,,10}.\{1,2,\ldots,10\}. The probability that Sergio’s number is larger than the sum of the two numbers chosen by Tina is

25\dfrac{2}{5}

920\dfrac{9}{20}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

1120\dfrac{11}{20}

2425\dfrac{24}{25}

答案:A
知识点:基本概率分类讨论
难度评级:1900
小提示:

列出 Tina 能得到的十个可能和,以及每个和出现的次数。

List the ten possible sums Tina can make and how often each occurs

大提示:

若和为 ss,Sergio 的数大于它的概率为 10s10\dfrac{10-s}{10}

For a sum s,s, Sergio’s number exceeds it with probability 10s10\dfrac{10-s}{10}

解答:

Tina 的 1010 个等可能数对给出的和为 33445555666677778899。若和为 ss,Sergio 的数大于它的概率是 10s10\dfrac{10-s}{10}

对十个数对取平均,成功概率为 7+6+5+5+4+4+3+3+2+1100\small\dfrac{7+6+5+5+4+4+3+3+2+1}{100} =40100=25=\dfrac{40}{100}=\dfrac{2}{5}

所以正确答案是 A

Tina’s 1010 equally likely pairs give sums 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, 5,5, 6,6, 6,6, 7,7, 7,7, 8,8, and 9.9. For a sum s,s, Sergio’s number exceeds it with probability 10s10.\dfrac{10-s}{10}.

Averaging the winning probability over the ten pairs, the total is 7+6+5+5+4+4+3+3+2+1100\small\dfrac{7+6+5+5+4+4+3+3+2+1}{100} =40100=25.=\dfrac{40}{100}=\dfrac{2}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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