2018 AMC 10A 第 24 题

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24.

三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=50AB=50AC=10AC=10,面积为 120120。设 DDAB\overline{AB} 的中点,EEAC\overline{AC} 的中点。BAC\angle BAC 的角平分线分别与 DE\overline{DE}BC\overline{BC} 交于 FFGG。四边形 FDBGFDBG 的面积是多少?

Triangle ABCABC with AB=50AB=50 and AC=10AC=10 has area 120.120. Let DD be the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, and let EE be the midpoint of AC.\overline{AC}. The angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC intersects DE\overline{DE} and BC\overline{BC} at FF and G,G, respectively. What is the area of quadrilateral FDBG?FDBG?

6060

6565

7070

7575

8080

答案:D
知识点:角平分线定理中点梯形面积比
难度评级:2040
小提示:

用角平分线定理确定 GG 的位置。

Use the angle bisector theorem to locate GG

大提示:

中位线 DEDE 使梯形的高等于原三角形高的一半。

The midsegment DEDE makes a similar half-height trapezoid

解答:

BC=a,BG=x,GC=yBC = a, BG = x, GC = y,并设过 AA 的高为 hh

由角平分线定理,BG:GC=AB:AC=5:1BG:GC=AB:AC=5:1,所以 BG=5a6BG=\dfrac{5a}{6}。因为 DEDE 是中位线,DE=a2DE=\dfrac a2。在 ADE\triangle ADE 中再次应用该定理,得 DF:FE=AD:AE=5:1DF:FE=AD:AE=5:1,所以 DF=56DE=5a12DF=\dfrac56DE=\dfrac{5a}{12}

梯形的高为 h2\frac{h}{2},且 ah2=120\frac{ah}{2}=120。它的平均底长为 12(5a12+5a6)=5a8\dfrac12\left(\dfrac{5a}{12}+\dfrac{5a}{6}\right)=\dfrac{5a}{8}。因此面积为 5a8h2=58ah2=75\dfrac{5a}{8}\cdot\dfrac h2=\dfrac58\cdot\dfrac{ah}{2}=75\text{。}所以正确答案是 D

Let BC=a,BG=x,GC=y,BC = a, BG = x, GC = y, and hh be the length of the altitude through A.A.

By the Angle Bisector Theorem, BG:GC=AB:AC=5:1,BG:GC=AB:AC=5:1, so BG=5a6.BG=\dfrac{5a}{6}. Because DEDE is a midsegment, DE=a2.DE=\dfrac a2. Applying the same theorem in ADE\triangle ADE gives DF:FE=AD:AE=5:1,DF:FE=AD:AE=5:1, so DF=56DE=5a12.DF=\dfrac56DE=\dfrac{5a}{12}.

The trapezoid’s height is h2,\frac{h}{2}, and ah2=120.\frac{ah}{2}=120. Its average base length is 12(5a12+5a6)=5a8.\dfrac12\left(\dfrac{5a}{12}+\dfrac{5a}{6}\right)=\dfrac{5a}{8}. Therefore, its area is 5a8h2=58ah2=75.\dfrac{5a}{8}\cdot\dfrac h2=\dfrac58\cdot\dfrac{ah}{2}=75. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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