2011 AMC 10B 第 25 题

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25.

T1T_1 是边长为 201120112012201220132013 的三角形。对 n1n \ge 1,若 Tn=ABCT_n = \triangle ABC,且 DDEEFF 分别是 ABC\triangle ABC 的内切圆与边 ABABBCBCACAC 的切点,则若存在,Tn+1T_{n+1} 是边长为 ADADBEBECFCF 的三角形。数列 (Tn)( T_n ) 中最后一个三角形的周长是多少?

Let T1T_1 be a triangle with side lengths 2011,2011, 2012,2012, and 2013.2013. For n1,n \ge 1, if Tn=ABCT_n = \triangle ABC and D,D, E,E, and FF are the points of tangency of the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC to the sides AB,AB, BC,BC, and AC,AC, respectively, then Tn+1T_{n+1} is a triangle with side lengths AD,AD, BE,BE, and CF,CF, if it exists. What is the perimeter of the last triangle in the sequence (Tn)?( T_n )?

15098\dfrac{1509}{8}

150932\dfrac{1509}{32}

150964\dfrac{1509}{64}

1509128\dfrac{1509}{128}

1509256\dfrac{1509}{256}

答案:D
知识点:内切圆、内心与内切圆半径递推三角不等式
难度评级:2490
小提示:

从同一顶点引出的切线段相等。

Tangent lengths from the same vertex are equal

大提示:

对边长 s1,s,s+1s-1,s,s+1,下一个三角形的中间边为 s2\frac{s}{2}

For side lengths s1,s,s+1s-1,s,s+1, the next middle side is s2\frac{s}{2}

解答:

对边长 a=BCa=BCb=CAb=CAc=ABc=AB 的三角形,同一顶点到内切圆的切线段相等,所以下一个三角形边长为 b+ca2,a+cb2,a+bc2 \begin{gathered} \dfrac{b+c-a}{2}, \\ \quad \dfrac{a+c-b}{2}, \\ \quad \dfrac{a+b-c}{2} \end{gathered}\text{。}

若当前边长为 s1,s,s+1s-1,s,s+1,则下一组边长为 s21,s2,s2+1\dfrac{s}{2}-1,\dfrac{s}{2},\dfrac{s}{2}+1。因此这种形式会一直保持,而中间边每次减半。

TnT_n,中间边为 20122n1\frac{2012}{2^{n-1}}。形如 s1,s,s+1s-1,s,s+1 的三角形存在,当且仅当 s>2s>2

最后一个有效三角形满足 20122n1>2\frac{2012}{2^{n-1}}>2,但下一次不满足。此时 n=10n=10,中间边为 201229=503128\frac{2012}{2^9}=\frac{503}{128}

周长为 3503128=15091283\cdot\dfrac{503}{128}=\dfrac{1509}{128}

所以正确答案是 D

For a triangle with side lengths a=BCa=BC, b=CAb=CA, and c=ABc=AB, equal tangents from the same vertex give the next side lengths b+ca2,a+cb2,a+bc2. \begin{gathered} \dfrac{b+c-a}{2}, \\ \quad \dfrac{a+c-b}{2}, \\ \quad \dfrac{a+b-c}{2}. \end{gathered}

If the current side lengths are s1,s,s+1s-1,s,s+1, then the next side lengths are s21,s2,s2+1\dfrac{s}{2}-1,\dfrac{s}{2},\dfrac{s}{2}+1. Thus the same form persists while the middle side halves each time.

For TnT_n, the middle side is 20122n1\frac{2012}{2^{n-1}}. A triangle of the form s1,s,s+1s-1,s,s+1 exists exactly when s>2s>2.

The last valid triangle has 20122n1>2\frac{2012}{2^{n-1}}>2, but the next one does not. This gives n=10n=10, with middle side 201229=503128\frac{2012}{2^9}=\frac{503}{128}.

The perimeter is 3503128=15091283\cdot\dfrac{503}{128}=\dfrac{1509}{128}.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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