2002 AMC 10B 第 25 题

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25.

向一个整数列表中加入 1515 后,平均数增加了 22。再向新列表中加入 11 后,平均数减少了 11。原列表中有多少个整数?

When 1515 is appended to a list of integers, the mean is increased by 2.2. When 11 is appended to the enlarged list, the mean of the enlarged list is decreased by 1.1. How many integers were in the original list?

44

55

66

77

88

答案:A
知识点:平均数方程组
难度评级:1690
小提示:

设原列表有 nn 个整数,平均数为 mm,所以和为 mnmn

Let the list have nn integers with mean m,m, so the sum is mnmn

大提示:

将两次加入数字后的新和与新平均数分别写成方程。

Translate each appending into an equation for the new sum and mean

解答:

设原列表有 nn 个整数,平均数为 mm,则总和为 mnmn。加入 1515 后,(m+2)(n+1)=mn+15    m+2n=13 \begin{aligned} &(m + 2)(n + 1) \\ &= mn + 15 \\ &\implies m + 2n = 13 \end{aligned}\text{。}

再加入 11 后,(m+1)(n+2)=mn+16    2m+n=14 \begin{aligned} &(m + 1)(n + 2) \\ &= mn + 16 \\ &\implies 2m + n = 14 \end{aligned}\text{。}

解方程组 m+2n=13m + 2n = 132m+n=142m + n = 14,得 m=5m = 5n=4n = 4,所以原列表有四个整数。

所以正确答案是 A

Let the original list have nn integers with mean m,m, so its sum is mn.mn. Appending 1515 gives (m+2)(n+1)=mn+15    m+2n=13. \begin{aligned} &(m + 2)(n + 1) \\ &= mn + 15 \\ &\implies m + 2n = 13. \end{aligned}

Appending 11 to that enlarged list gives (m+1)(n+2)=mn+16    2m+n=14. \begin{aligned} &(m + 1)(n + 2) \\ &= mn + 16 \\ &\implies 2m + n = 14. \end{aligned}

Solving m+2n=13m + 2n = 13 and 2m+n=142m + n = 14 yields m=5m = 5 and n=4.n = 4.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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