2007 AMC 10B 第 23 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

一个底面为正方形的棱锥被一个平行于底面、且距底面 22 个单位的平面切开。切下来的上方小棱锥的表面积是原棱锥表面积的一半。原棱锥的高是多少?

A pyramid with a square base is cut by a plane that is parallel to its base and is 22 units from the base. The surface area of the smaller pyramid that is cut from the top is half the surface area of the original pyramid. What is the altitude of the original pyramid?

22

2+22+\sqrt2

1+221+2\sqrt2

44

4+224+2\sqrt2

答案:E
知识点:长度、面积与体积的缩放关系棱锥表面积
难度评级:1880
小提示:

小棱锥与原棱锥相似。

The smaller pyramid is similar to the original

大提示:

表面积之比是高之比的平方,所以 hh2=2\dfrac{h}{h-2}=\sqrt2

The ratio of surface areas is the square of the ratio of altitudes, so hh2=2\dfrac{h}{h-2}=\sqrt2

解答:

设原棱锥高为 hh,小棱锥高为 h2h-2

两个棱锥相似,所以表面积之比等于高之比的平方。小棱锥表面积为原来的一半,因此 (h2h)2=12\left(\dfrac{h-2}{h}\right)^2=\dfrac12,从而 hh2=2\dfrac{h}{h-2}=\sqrt2

于是 h=2(h2)h=\sqrt2(h-2),所以 h(21)=22h(\sqrt2-1)=2\sqrt2h=2221=4+22h=\dfrac{2\sqrt2}{\sqrt2-1}=4+2\sqrt2

所以正确答案是 E

Let hh be the altitude of the original pyramid; the smaller pyramid has altitude h2.h-2. The two pyramids are similar, so the ratio of their surface areas is the square of the ratio of their altitudes.

The smaller surface area is half the original, so (h2h)2=12,\left(\dfrac{h-2}{h}\right)^2=\dfrac12, giving hh2=2.\dfrac{h}{h-2}=\sqrt2.

Then h=2(h2),h=\sqrt2(h-2), so h(21)=22h(\sqrt2-1)=2\sqrt2 and h=2221=4+22.h=\dfrac{2\sqrt2}{\sqrt2-1}=4+2\sqrt2.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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