2025 AMC 10A 第 23 题

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23.

三角形 △ABC\triangle ABC 的边长为 AB=80AB = 80、BC=45BC = 45、AC=75AC = 75。∠B\angle B 的角平分线与到边 ABAB 的高相交于点 PP。BPBP 等于多少?

Triangle △ABC\triangle ABC has side lengths AB=80,AB = 80, BC=45,BC = 45, and AC=75.AC = 75. The bisector of ∠B\angle B and the altitude to side ABAB intersect at point P.P. What is BP?BP?

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2020

2121

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答案:D
知识点:角平分线定理相似导角
难度评级:2270
小提示:

设 ∠B\angle B 的角平分线交 ACAC 于 DD;角平分线定理给出 AD=48AD = 48 和 CD=27CD = 27。

Let the bisector of ∠B\angle B meet ACAC at D;D; the Angle Bisector Theorem gives AD=48AD = 48 and CD=27CD = 27

大提示:

证明 BD=48BD = 48,所以 △ADB\triangle ADB 是等腰三角形;再追角可知 △CDP\triangle CDP 也是等腰三角形,且 PD=CDPD = CD。

Show BD=48,BD = 48, so △ADB\triangle ADB is isosceles; then angle-chase to find △CDP\triangle CDP isosceles with PD=CDPD = CD

解答:

设 ∠B\angle B 的角平分线交 ACAC 于 DD。由角平分线定理,ADDC=ABBC=8045\frac{AD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{BC} = \frac{80}{45},又因为 AC=75AC = 75,得到 AD=48AD = 48、CD=27CD = 27。三角形 BCDBCD 与 ACBACB 共有 ∠C\angle C,夹角两边的比例都为 4575=2745=35\tfrac{45}{75}=\tfrac{27}{45}=\tfrac35,所以由边角边相似。于是 BD=35⋅80=48=ADBD=\tfrac35\cdot80=48=AD,故 △ADB\triangle ADB 是等腰三角形。设 ∠DAB=∠DBA=θ\angle DAB=\angle DBA=\theta。因为过 CC 的高垂直于 ABAB,所以 ∠DPC\angle DPC 和 ∠DCP\angle DCP 都等于 90∘−θ90^\circ-\theta。因此 △CDP\triangle CDP 是等腰三角形,故 PD=CD=27PD=CD=27。由于 PP 位于 BDBD 上,所以 BP=BD−PDBP=BD-PD =48−27=21=48-27=21。所以正确答案是 D。

Let the bisector of ∠B\angle B hit ACAC at D.D. By the Angle Bisector Theorem, ADDC=ABBC=8045,\frac{AD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{BC} = \frac{80}{45}, and since AC=75,AC = 75, we get AD=48AD = 48 and CD=27.CD = 27. Triangles BCDBCD and ACBACB share ∠C,\angle C, with adjacent sides in the common ratio 4575=2745=35,\tfrac{45}{75}=\tfrac{27}{45}=\tfrac35, so they are similar by SAS. Hence BD=35⋅80=48=AD,BD=\tfrac35\cdot80=48=AD, making △ADB\triangle ADB isosceles. Put ∠DAB=∠DBA=θ.\angle DAB=\angle DBA=\theta. Because the altitude through CC is perpendicular to AB,AB, both ∠DPC\angle DPC and ∠DCP\angle DCP equal 90∘−θ.90^\circ-\theta. Thus △CDP\triangle CDP is isosceles, so PD=CD=27.PD=CD=27. Since PP lies on BD,BD, we get BP=BD−PDBP=BD-PD =48−27=21.=48-27=21. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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