2022 AMC 10A 第 23 题

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23.

等腰梯形 ABCDABCD 的平行边为 AD‾\overline{AD} 与 BC‾\overline{BC},其中 BC<ADBC < AD,且 AB=CDAB = CD。平面上有一点 PP,使得 PA=1PA=1,PB=2PB=2,PC=3PC=3、PD=4PD=4。求 BCAD\tfrac{BC}{AD}。

Isosceles trapezoid ABCDABCD has parallel sides AD‾\overline{AD} and BC‾,\overline{BC}, with BC<ADBC < AD and AB=CD.AB = CD. There is a point PP in the plane such that PA=1,PA=1, PB=2,PB=2, PC=3,PC=3, and PD=4.PD=4. What is BCAD?\tfrac{BC}{AD}?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

答案:B
知识点:梯形托勒密定理对称性
难度评级:2230
小提示:

把 P 关于等腰梯形的对称轴反射

Reflect P across the symmetry line of the isosceles trapezoid

大提示:

对反射得到的两个圆内接梯形使用托勒密定理

Apply Ptolemy to the two cyclic trapezoids formed by the reflection

解答:

令 P′P' 为 PP 关于 BC‾\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线的反射点。

这样得到两个等腰梯形 CBPP′CBPP' 和 DAPP′DAPP'。

由反射对称可得 P′A=PD=4P′D=PA=1P′C=PB=2P′B=PC=3。\begin{gathered} P'A = PD = 4 \\ P'D = PA = 1 \\ P'C = PB = 2 \\ P'B = PC = 3 \end{gathered}\text{。}

对两个圆内接梯形使用托勒密定理,知道对角线乘积等于两组对边乘积之和。因此 PP′⋅AD+1=16PP′⋅BC+4=9。\begin{gathered} PP' \cdot AD + 1 = 16 \\ PP' \cdot BC + 4 = 9 \end{gathered}\text{。}

于是 PP′⋅AD=15PP' \cdot AD = 15,且 PP′⋅BC=5PP' \cdot BC = 5。两式相除得到 BCAD=13\dfrac{BC}{AD} = \dfrac{1}{3}。

所以正确答案是 B。

Let P′P' be the reflection of PP across the perpendicular bisector of BC‾.\overline{BC}.

This forms two new isosceles trapezoids: CBPP′CBPP' and DAPP′.DAPP'.

Therefore, we get P′A=PD=4P′D=PA=1P′C=PB=2P′B=PC=3.\begin{gathered} P'A = PD = 4 \\ P'D = PA = 1 \\ P'C = PB = 2 \\ P'B = PC = 3. \end{gathered}

Using Ptolemy’s theorem, we know that the product of the diagonals is equal to the sum of the products of the opposite sides. Therefore: PP′⋅AD+1=16PP′⋅BC+4=9.\begin{gathered} PP' \cdot AD + 1 = 16 \\ PP' \cdot BC + 4 = 9. \end{gathered}

This gets us PP′⋅AD=15PP' \cdot AD = 15 and PP′⋅BC=5.PP' \cdot BC = 5. Dividing these two equations yields BCAD=13.\dfrac{BC}{AD} = \dfrac{1}{3}.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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