2014 AMC 10A 第 23 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

一张长方形纸的长是宽的 3\sqrt3 倍,面积为 AA。这张纸沿相对的长边分成三个相等部分,然后如图从一侧的第一个分点到另一侧的第二个分点画一条虚线。纸沿这条虚线折平,形成的新图形面积为 BB。求 B:AB:A

A rectangular piece of paper whose length is 3\sqrt3 times the width has area A.A. The paper is divided into three equal sections along the opposite lengths, and then a dotted line is drawn from the first divider to the second divider on the opposite side as shown. The paper is then folded flat along this dotted line to create a new shape with area B.B. What is the ratio B:A?B:A?

1:21:2

3:53:5

2:32:3

3:43:4

4:54:5

答案:C
知识点:折纸等边三角形面积
难度评级:2150
小提示:

把长方形宽度缩放为 11

Scale the rectangle to width 11

大提示:

折叠会产生等边三角形重叠区域。

The fold creates equilateral overlap triangles

解答:

不妨设长方形宽为 11,长为 3\sqrt3

画出过折线中点的垂线,如图。

注意 QR=233QR = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3},并且 QT=12+(33)2 QT = \sqrt{1^2 + \left(\dfrac{\sqrt3}{3}\right)^2} =1+13=43 = \sqrt{1 + \dfrac{1}{3}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}\text{。}因此 QT=233=QR QT = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} = QR\text{。}这说明 QRT\triangle QRT 是等边三角形;同理,RTS\triangle RTS 也是等边三角形,所以两个三角形全等。

折叠后,这个三角形区域会发生重叠。长方形面积为 13=31 \cdot \sqrt3 = \sqrt3,该三角形的边长为 QT=233QT = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3},所以它的面积为 (233)234=33 \left(\dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}\right)^2 \cdot \dfrac{\sqrt3}{4} = \dfrac{\sqrt3}{3}\text{。}折后图形面积为 333=233 \sqrt3 - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}\text{。}所求比值为 233÷3=23 \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} \div \sqrt3 = \dfrac{2}{3}\text{。}因此 B:A=2:3B:A=2:3。所以正确答案是 C

WLOG, let the width of the rectangle be 11 and the length be 3.\sqrt3.

Draw the line perpendicular to the midpoint of the fold, as shown below.

Note that QR=233QR = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} and QT=12+(33)2 QT = \sqrt{1^2 + \left(\dfrac{\sqrt3}{3}\right)^2}=1+13=43. = \sqrt{1 + \dfrac{1}{3}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}. This tells us QT=233=QR. QT = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} = QR. This means that QRT\triangle QRT is equilateral. Similarly, RTS\triangle RTS is equilateral. This makes the two triangles congruent.

This means that after the rectangle gets folded, this area will be overlapped. The area of the rectangle is 13=3.1 \cdot \sqrt3 = \sqrt3. The side length of this triangle is QT=233.QT = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}. The area of it is then (233)234=33. \left(\dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}\right)^2 \cdot \dfrac{\sqrt3}{4} = \dfrac{\sqrt3}{3}. The area of the folded figure is then 333=233. \sqrt3 - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}. The desired ratio is then 233÷3=23. \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} \div \sqrt3 = \dfrac{2}{3}. Therefore B:A=2:3B:A=2:3. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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