2014 AMC 10A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
2.
Roy 的猫每天早上吃 罐猫粮,每天晚上吃 罐猫粮。星期一早上喂猫之前,Roy 打开一个装有 罐猫粮的盒子。这只猫在星期几吃完盒子里所有猫粮?
Roy’s cat eats of a can of cat food every morning and of a can of cat food every evening. Before feeding his cat on Monday morning, Roy opened a box containing cans of cat food. On what day of the week did the cat finish eating all the cat food in the box?
星期二
Tuesday
星期三
Wednesday
星期四
Thursday
星期五
Friday
星期六
Saturday
小提示:
这只猫每天共吃 罐。
The cat eats can per full day
大提示:
找出累计吃掉 罐时落在哪一天。
Check the integer day when the total first reaches cans
解答:
这只猫每个完整的一天共吃 罐猫粮。经过 个完整的一天,它吃了 罐,还剩 罐。
它会在下一次早晨喂食时吃完剩余部分。从星期一算作第一个早晨,第十一个早晨是星期四。
所以正确答案是 C。
The cat eats cans of food each full day. After full days, it has eaten cans, leaving of a can.
The cat finishes that remainder during its next morning feeding. The eleventh morning, counting Monday as the first, is Thursday.
Thus, C is the correct answer.
3.
Bridget 为她的面包店烤了 条面包。上午她以每条 卖出一半。下午她卖出剩余面包的三分之二;因为不新鲜了,她只收半价。傍晚她以每条一美元卖出剩下的面包。每条面包的制作成本为 。她当天的利润是多少美元?
Bridget bakes loaves of bread for her bakery. She sells half of them in the morning for each. In the afternoon she sells two thirds of what she has left, and because they are not fresh, she charges only half price. In the late afternoon she sells the remaining loaves at a dollar each. Each loaf costs for her to make. In dollars, what is her profit for the day?
小提示:
分别跟踪上午、下午和傍晚的销售额。
Track morning, afternoon, and late-afternoon sales separately
大提示:
从总收入中减去总制作成本。
Subtract the total baking cost from the total revenue
解答:
上午 Bridget 卖出 条面包,收入 。
她还剩 条面包。下午她以半价卖出 条,收入 。
剩下的 条卖得 ,所以总收入为 。成本为 。
她的利润为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
In the morning Bridget sells loaves for .
She has loaves left. In the afternoon she sells loaves at half price, earning .
The remaining loaves sell for , so her revenue is . Her cost is .
Her profit is .
Thus, E is the correct answer.
4.
Ralph 沿 Jane 街走过连续四栋房子,每栋房子颜色不同。他先经过橙色房子,再经过红色房子;他先经过蓝色房子,再经过黄色房子。蓝色房子不与黄色房子相邻。这些彩色房子的排列有多少种可能?
Walking down Jane Street, Ralph passed four houses in a row, each painted a different color. He passed the orange house before the red house, and he passed the blue house before the yellow house. The blue house was not next to the yellow house. How many orderings of the colored houses are possible?
小提示:
按黄色房子所在位置分类。
Case on where the yellow house appears
大提示:
同时使用“蓝在黄前面”和“不相邻”两个条件。
Use the blue-before-yellow condition and the no-adjacent condition together
解答:
蓝色必须在黄色之前且不相邻,所以蓝黄位置只能是 、、。
每种情况下,橙色和红色填入剩下两个位置,并且橙色必须在红色之前,因此被唯一确定。三种排列依次为:橙、蓝、红、黄;蓝、橙、红、黄;蓝、橙、黄、红。
共有 种排列。
所以正确答案是 B。
Blue must come before yellow but not next to it, so they sit in positions or or .
In each case orange and red fill the two remaining spots with orange before red, which is forced. The three orderings are orange, blue, red, yellow; blue, orange, red, yellow; and blue, orange, yellow, red.
There are possible orderings.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
5.
一次代数测验中, 的学生得 分, 得 分, 得 分,其余学生得 分。学生分数的平均数与中位数之差是多少?
On an algebra quiz, of the students scored points, scored points, scored points, and the rest scored points. What is the difference between the mean and the median of the students’ scores on this quiz?
小提示:
用累计百分比确定中位数。
Find the median from the cumulative percentages
大提示:
用各分数对应百分比计算加权平均数。
Compute the weighted mean using the score percentages
解答:
的学生低于 分, 的学生高于 分,所以中位数为 。
平均数为 。
差为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The median is , because of the students scored below and scored above .
The mean is .
The difference is .
Thus, C is the correct answer.
6.
假设 头奶牛在 天里产 加仑牛奶。按这个速度, 头奶牛在 天里会产多少加仑牛奶?
Suppose that cows give gallons of milk in days. At this rate, how many gallons of milk will cows give in days?
小提示:
先求每头奶牛每天的产奶量。
Find the production rate per cow per day
大提示:
再乘以 头奶牛和 天。
Scale by cows and days
解答:
先用 乘以 ,来调整奶牛数量。
再乘以 ,来调整产奶天数。
因此产奶量为
所以正确答案是 A。
We have to multiply by to account for the new number of cows.
We then have to multiply by to account for the new time that we have.
This gives us a final answer of
Thus, A is the correct answer.
7.
非零实数 、、 和 满足 且 。下面四个不等式中有多少个必然成立?
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
Nonzero real numbers and satisfy and How many of the following inequalities must be true?
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
小提示:
同向不等式相加是安全的。
Adding inequalities with the same direction is safe
大提示:
对其他不等式找反例。
Find counterexamples for the other proposed inequalities
解答:
把两个不等式相加,得到
所以 (I) 必然成立。
不等式不能直接相减,所以 (II) 不一定成立。
例如取 、、、,就会得到错误的不等式 。
(III) 也不一定成立,因为 和 可能都是负数。
取 、、、,则 ,而 ,所以 (III) 不成立。
(IV) 也有同样的问题。使用同一组数,有 ,而 。
因此只有 (I) 必然成立。
所以正确答案是 B。
Adding the two inequalities together gets us
which shows that (I) is correct.
One cannot subtract inequalities, which means that (II) is not necessarily true.
Consider and as a counter-example. This would give us
(III) is also not always true, since and might be negative numbers.
Let and Then and which shows that (III) is wrong.
The same thing occurs with (IV) . Using the same values as above, we have and
This shows that (I) is the only true statement.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
8.
下列哪个数是完全平方数?
Which of the following numbers is a perfect square?
小提示:
把每个选项写成 。
Write each choice as
大提示:
只需要检查 是否为完全平方数。
Only needs to be a square
解答:
注意每个选项都形如 其中 已经是完全平方数,所以还需要 也是完全平方数。
这说明 必须是完全平方数的两倍。选项中只有 ,因此 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Note that all of these answer choices are of the form We have that is square, so we need to be square as well.
This means that must be twice a perfect square. The only choice we have is which gives us
Thus, D is the correct answer.
9.
一个直角三角形的两条直角边也是高,长度分别为 和 。这个三角形的第三条高有多长?
The two legs of a right triangle, which are altitudes, have lengths and How long is the third altitude of the triangle?
小提示:
用两条直角边求三角形面积。
Use the two given legs to find the area
大提示:
把斜边作为底边来表示第三条高。
Use the hypotenuse as the base for the third altitude
解答:
三角形面积为 斜边长为
设斜边上的高为 ,
所以正确答案是 C。
We get that the area of the triangle is The length of the hypotenuse is
Dropping the altitude, from the vertex to the hypotenuse, we get that
Thus, C is the correct answer.
10.
从 开始的五个连续正整数的平均数为 。从 开始的 个连续整数的平均数是多少?
Five positive consecutive integers starting with have average What is the average of consecutive integers that start with
小提示:
从 开始的五个连续整数的平均数是 。
The average of five consecutive integers starting at is
大提示:
先对 用这个规则,再对 用一次。
Apply that rule first to , then to
解答:
从 开始的 个连续整数的平均数为
因此,从 开始的 个连续整数的平均数为 ,也就是 。
从 开始的 个连续整数的平均数为
所以正确答案是 B。
Note that the average of consecutive numbers starting with is
This means that the average of consecutive integers starting with is which we know is
Furthermore, the average of consecutive numbers starting with is
Thus, B is the correct answer.
11.
一位打算购买电器的顾客有三张优惠券,但只能使用其中一张:
优惠券 :标价至少为 时,减价
优惠券 :标价至少为 时,减
优惠券 :对标价超过 的部分减价
对下列哪个标价,优惠券 的减价幅度会同时大于优惠券 和优惠券 ?
A customer who intends to purchase an appliance has three coupons, only one of which may be used:
Coupon off the listed price if the listed price is at least
Coupon off the listed price if the listed price is at least
Coupon off the amount by which the listed price exceeds
For which of the following listed prices will coupon offer a greater price reduction than either coupon or coupon
小提示:
比较实际减掉的美元数,而不是最终价格。
Compare the actual dollar discount, not the final price
大提示:
解出优惠券 同时优于优惠券 和优惠券 的价格范围。
Solve the inequalities where coupon beats coupons and
解答:
设标价为 。
优惠券 使价格变为 ,优惠券 使价格变为 ,优惠券 使价格变为
需要同时满足 和 解这两个不等式,得到
选项中只有 符合。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let us analyze what these coupons do to an arbitrary price,
Coupon changes this price to Coupon changes the price to Coupon changes the price to
We want and Solving both gives us
The only answer choice that works is
Thus, C is the correct answer.
12.
一个正六边形边长为 。以每个顶点为圆心画半径为 的全等圆弧,形成如图所示的扇形。六边形内部但扇形外部的区域被涂阴影。阴影区域的面积是多少?
A regular hexagon has side length Congruent arcs with radius are drawn with the center at each of the vertices, creating circular sectors as shown. The region inside the hexagon but outside the sectors is shaded as shown. What is the area of the shaded region?
小提示:
从六边形面积中减去六个圆形扇形的面积。
Subtract the six circular sectors from the hexagon area
大提示:
每个扇形的圆心角为 。
Each sector has central angle
解答:
正六边形可以分成 个边长为 的等边三角形。
边长为 的等边三角形面积为
因此正六边形的面积为
正六边形每个内角为 ,所以六个扇形合起来相当于 个完整圆。
因此所有扇形的总面积为
所以阴影区域的面积为
所以正确答案是 C。
Note that we can split the hexagon up into equilateral triangles each with side length
Recall that the area of an equilateral triangle with side length is
This means that the area of the hexagon is
Since each interior angle of a regular hexagon is the six sectors form full circles.
This means that the area of all the sectors is
The area of the shaded region is then
Thus, C is the correct answer.
13.
等边 的边长为 ,正方形 、、 都在三角形外侧。六边形 的面积是多少?
Equilateral has side length and squares lie outside the triangle. What is the area of hexagon
小提示:
把六边形分成原三角形、三个正方形和三个外侧三角形。
Decompose the hexagon into the original triangle, three squares, and three outer triangles
大提示:
每个外侧三角形的两边长为 ,夹角为 。
Each outer triangle has sides with included angle
解答:
求出各个小块的面积,再把它们相加。
中央等边三角形的面积为
所有正方形的总面积为
另外,
又有 ,且 。从 向底边作高可得 ,高为 ,所以 。另外两个外侧三角形面积相同。因此它们的总面积为 。
总面积为
所以正确答案是 C。
We can find the areas of all the individual pieces and then add them up together.
The area of the center equilateral triangle is
We have that the areas of all the squares is
We also have that
Also, and . Dropping the altitude from shows that and the altitude is , so . The other two outer triangles have the same area. Thus their combined area is .
The total area is then
Thus, C is the correct answer.
14.
两条相互垂直的直线交于点 ,它们的 轴截距为 和 ,且两个截距之和为零。求 的面积。
The -intercepts, and of two perpendicular lines intersecting at the point have a sum of zero. What is the area of
小提示:
设两个纵轴截距为 和 。
Let the y-intercepts be and
大提示:
使用过 的两条垂直直线的斜率关系。
Use perpendicular slopes through
解答:
两个 轴截距到原点的距离相等,因为它们的数值之和为 。
设这个距离为 。因为两条给定直线互相垂直, 在 处为直角。原点是斜边 的中点,所以它到 、 和 的距离相等。因此 到原点的距离也是 。
由距离公式,从 到 的高为 (也就是 的 坐标)。
又有 ,所以面积为
所以正确答案是 D。
We have that the -intercepts are an equal distance from the origin since their values sum to
Let this distance be Because the two given lines are perpendicular, is right at . The origin is the midpoint of its hypotenuse , so it is equidistant from , , and . Hence the distance from to the origin is also .
We then know that by the distance formula. We know the altitude from to is (it is just the -value of ).
We also know that which tells us that the area
Thus, D is the correct answer.
15.
David 从家开车去机场赶飞机。第一小时他开了 英里,但意识到如果继续按这个速度行驶会迟到 小时。之后他把速度提高 英里每小时,并提前 分钟到达。机场离他家多少英里?
David drives from his home to the airport to catch a flight. He drives miles in the first hour, but realizes that he will be hour late if he continues at this speed. He increases his speed by miles per hour for the rest of the way to the airport and arrives minutes early. How many miles is the airport from his home?
小提示:
比较原来过慢的计划和提速后的实际行程。
Compare the original too-slow schedule with the faster schedule
大提示:
提速后的行程总共节省了 小时。
The faster trip saves hours overall
解答:
第一小时后,David 的速度为 英里每小时。
若机场离家 英里,则两种行程时间相差一个半小时,因此 解这个方程: 所以机场离家 英里。
所以正确答案是 C。
Note that David drives at miles per hour after one hour.
Then, if the airport is miles from David’s house, we know that: We solve this equation as follows: Therefore, the airport is miles from David’s house.
Thus, C is the correct answer.
16.
在长方形 中,,,点 、、 分别是 、、 的中点。点 是 的中点。阴影区域的面积是多少?
In rectangle and points and are midpoints of and respectively. Point is the midpoint of What is the area of the shaded region?
小提示:
使用交叉线形成的相似三角形。
Use similar triangles created by the crossing lines
大提示:
阴影风筝形的面积是一个小三角形面积的两倍。
The shaded kite area is twice one small triangle area
解答:
用 的面积减去两个未涂阴影的小三角形。
把 延长到 。令 与 交于 。
有 。由于 ,对应边成比例,所以 。
这说明 ,所以 的高是长方形高度的 。
的面积为
两个未涂阴影小三角形面积合计为 。 的面积为
因此阴影区域面积为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
We can find the area of the shaded region by finding the area of and subtracting out the two unshaded triangles.
Extend so that it hits Let the intersection of and be
We have that Since , corresponding sides give .
This means that which means that the altitude of is the height of the rectangle.
The area of is then
The area of both unshaded triangles is then The area of is
The area of the shaded region is then
Thus, E is the correct answer.
17.
掷三枚公平的六面骰子。恰有两枚骰子的点数之和等于剩下一枚骰子的点数的概率是多少?
Three fair six-sided dice are rolled. What is the probability that the values shown on two of the dice sum to the value shown on the remaining die?
小提示:
按和列出可能的有序骰子对。
List possible ordered dice pairs by their sum
大提示:
记得统计有序的三枚骰子结果。
Remember to count ordered triples of dice rolls
解答:
若一枚骰子的点数是另外两枚之和,它必然是三枚中最大的。
先选哪一枚是这个和,有 种方式。
最大骰子的点数不能为 ,因为两个正整数之和不可能是 。
它取其余每个点数的概率都是 。
和为 时有 种有序数对,和为 时有 种,和为 时有 种,和为 时有 种,和为 时有 种。
另外两枚骰子共有 种有序结果,所以所求概率为
所以正确答案是 D。
Note that if one die is the sum of the other two dice, then it is strictly greater than the other two dice.
There are ways to choose which of the dice is the sum of the other two, which makes it the greatest.
This die cannot be since there is no way to sum two positive integers to get
There is a chance that this die is any of the other numbers.
There is way to get a sum of ways for for for and for
We take these numbers of ways out of a total of possibilities. The desired probability is then
Thus, D is the correct answer.
18.
坐标平面中的一个正方形,其四个顶点的 坐标为 、、、。这个正方形的面积是多少?
A square in the coordinate plane has vertices whose -coordinates are and What is the area of the square?
小提示:
选取纵坐标相差 的相邻顶点。
Choose adjacent vertices whose y-coordinates differ by
大提示:
一个边向量旋转 后,纵坐标的变化量为 。
A side vector rotated creates a y-change of
解答:
正方形的一对对角顶点具有相同的 坐标平均值。因此两对对角顶点的 坐标必须分别是 和 ,因为只有这两对的和相等。特别地, 坐标为 的顶点,与 坐标为 和 的顶点相邻。
设一个顶点为 ,与它相邻且 坐标为 的顶点为 ,其中 。
把边向量 旋转 ,得到下一条边的向量 ,所以另一个顶点的纵坐标为 。剩余纵坐标为 和 ,故 。
边长的平方为 ,也就是正方形的面积。
所以正确答案是 B。
Opposite vertices of a square have the same average -coordinate. Thus the opposite pairs must have -coordinates and , the two pairs with equal sum. In particular, a vertex with -coordinate is adjacent to vertices with -coordinates and .
Let one vertex be , and let its adjacent vertex with -coordinate be with .
Rotating the side vector by gives the next side vector , so another vertex has y-coordinate . The remaining y-coordinates are and , hence .
The side length squared is , which is the area of the square.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
19.
边长分别为 、、 和 的四个立方体如图堆叠。线段 位于边长为 的立方体内部的部分有多长?
Four cubes with edge lengths and are stacked as shown. What is the length of the portion of contained in the cube with edge length
小提示:
整条线段 的竖直变化为 。
The whole segment has vertical change
大提示:
在线段中位于边长 立方体内的部分,与整条线段的比例等于对应竖直变化的比例。
The part inside the side- cube is the same fraction of the full segment as its vertical change
解答:
从 到 的 轴方向距离为
沿 轴和 轴方向的距离都为 。
因此线段全长为
取坐标 、。直线与边长为 的立方体的上、下表面分别交于 和 。两点都在相应的正方形面内,所以线段位于这个立方体内部的部分确实有 的竖直变化量。
设所求长度为 。由相似三角形可得
所以正确答案是 A。
The distance between and with respect to the -axis is
Both the distances along the and -axes are
Then
Using coordinates and , the line meets the top and bottom of the side- cube at and . Both points lie inside those square faces, so the portion inside this cube really does have vertical change .
Let the desired length be Then using similar triangles, we have that
Thus, A is the correct answer.
20.
乘积 中第二个因子有 位数字。该乘积是一个各位数字和为 的整数。求 。
The product where the second factor has digits, is an integer whose digits have a sum of What is
小提示:
先乘几个小例子,观察数字模式。
Multiply a few examples to see the digit pattern
大提示:
对 ,乘积中有 个数字 。
For , the product has digits equal to
解答:
由 个数字 组成的数为 ,所以乘积为 当 时,这个数的各位依次是 、 个一,再接 。
因此,对任意 ,乘积的各位数字和为
最后解得
所以正确答案是 D。
The -digit number made entirely of s is , so the product is For , this is the number whose digits are , followed by ones, then .
This means that for any the sum of the digits in the product is
Finally, we get
Thus, D is the correct answer.
21.
正整数 和 使得直线 与 在 轴上交于同一点。所有可能交点的 坐标之和是多少?
Positive integers and are such that the graphs of and intersect the -axis at the same point. What is the sum of all possible -coordinates of these points of intersection?
小提示:
令两条直线的横轴截距相等。
Set both x-intercepts equal
大提示:
的正整数因数对给出全部可能。
Positive integer factor pairs of give all possibilities
解答:
两条直线与 轴相交时 。因此 且 解得 和
令二者相等,得到
因为 和 都是正整数,所以 只能是
对应的 坐标为 它们的和为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Note that the lines intersect the -axis when This gives us and which when solved gives us and
Setting these equal to each other, we have
We know that and are positive, which means that the only pairs of values that satisfy the above equation are
Plugging these values back into the equations gives us -values of The sum of all these values is
Thus, E is the correct answer.
22.
在长方形 中,,。点 在 上,且 。求 的长度。
In rectangle and Let be a point on such that What is
小提示:
构造一个点,使其形成 -- 三角形。
Construct a helpful point making a -- triangle
大提示:
证明这个构造点就是 。
Show the constructed point is the same as
解答:
在 上取点 ,使 。
因为 ,三角形 是 -- 三角形,所以 ,从而 。
又 ,所以三角形 是等腰三角形,顶点在 ,顶角为 ,两个底角为 。
于是 ,因此 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let be the point on such that .
Since , triangle is a -- triangle, so and .
Also , so triangle is isosceles. Its vertex angle at is , so each base angle is .
Therefore , so , and .
Thus, E is the correct answer.
23.
一张长方形纸的长是宽的 倍,面积为 。这张纸沿相对的长边分成三个相等部分,然后如图从一侧的第一个分点到另一侧的第二个分点画一条虚线。纸沿这条虚线折平,形成的新图形面积为 。求 。
A rectangular piece of paper whose length is times the width has area The paper is divided into three equal sections along the opposite lengths, and then a dotted line is drawn from the first divider to the second divider on the opposite side as shown. The paper is then folded flat along this dotted line to create a new shape with area What is the ratio
小提示:
把长方形宽度缩放为 。
Scale the rectangle to width
大提示:
折叠会产生等边三角形重叠区域。
The fold creates equilateral overlap triangles
解答:
不妨设长方形宽为 ,长为 。
画出过折线中点的垂线,如图。
注意 ,并且 因此 这说明 是等边三角形;同理, 也是等边三角形,所以两个三角形全等。
折叠后,这个三角形区域会发生重叠。长方形面积为 ,该三角形的边长为 ,所以它的面积为 折后图形面积为 所求比值为 因此 。所以正确答案是 C。
WLOG, let the width of the rectangle be and the length be
Draw the line perpendicular to the midpoint of the fold, as shown below.
Note that and This tells us This means that is equilateral. Similarly, is equilateral. This makes the two triangles congruent.
This means that after the rectangle gets folded, this area will be overlapped. The area of the rectangle is The side length of this triangle is The area of it is then The area of the folded figure is then The desired ratio is then Therefore . Thus, C is the correct answer.
24.
一个自然数序列按如下方式构造:先列出前 个数,然后跳过一个数;再列出接下来的 个数,跳过 个数;再列出 个数,跳过 个数;在第 次迭代中,列出 个数并跳过 个数。该序列开头为 这个序列的第 个数是多少?
A sequence of natural numbers is constructed by listing the first then skipping one, listing the next skipping listing skipping and on the th iteration, listing and skipping The sequence begins What is the th number in the sequence?
小提示:
计算完整 次迭代后已经列出了多少项。
Count how many terms have been listed after full iterations
大提示:
再把目标项定位到下一段列出的数中。
Then locate the desired term inside the next listed block
解答:
完整 次迭代后,列出的项数为 。
需要最大的 使 。因为 ,所以 次迭代后列出了 项。
第 次迭代列出的第一个数,是此前所有列出和跳过的数的总数再加一,即 。
第 个列出的数,是下一段中的第 个数,所以它是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
After full iterations, the number of listed terms is .
We need the largest with . Since , after iterations there are listed numbers.
The first number listed in iteration is one more than the total of all listed and skipped numbers so far, namely .
The th listed number is the th number of this next block, so it is .
Thus, A is the correct answer.
25.
数 介于 和 之间。有多少对整数 满足 且
The number is between and How many pairs of integers are there such that and
小提示:
相邻两个 的幂之间包含两个或三个 的幂。
Each interval between consecutive powers of contains two or three powers of
大提示:
使用 之前一共有多少个 的幂。
Use the total number of powers of before
解答:
因为 ,每个区间 中包含两个或三个 的幂。题目的不等式恰好对应含有三个这样的幂的区间。
对 ,设含两个 的幂的区间有 个,含三个 的幂的区间有 个,则 。
由 可知,这些区间一共包含 个 的幂,所以 。
解这个方程组得到 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since , each interval contains either two or three powers of . The desired inequality holds exactly for intervals containing three such powers.
For , let be the number of intervals with two powers of , and let be the number with three powers of . Then .
Because , these intervals contain powers of altogether, so .
Solving the system gives .
Thus, B is the correct answer.