2007 AMC 10B 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
Isabella 的房子有 间卧室。每间卧室长 英尺,宽 英尺,高 英尺。Isabella 必须粉刷所有卧室的墙。每间卧室中不需要粉刷的门洞和窗户占 平方英尺。需要粉刷多少平方英尺的墙?
Isabella’s house has bedrooms. Each bedroom is feet long, feet wide, and feet high. Isabella must paint the walls of all the bedrooms. Doorways and windows, which will not be painted, occupy square feet in each bedroom. How many square feet of walls must be painted?
小提示:
每间卧室有四面墙;用周长和高度求总墙面面积。
Each bedroom has four walls; find the total wall area from the perimeter and the height
大提示:
用房间周长乘以高度,再减去 。
Multiply the room’s perimeter by its height, then subtract
解答:
一间卧室的墙面面积为 平方英尺。减去门洞和窗户的 平方英尺,每间卧室需粉刷 平方英尺。
有 间卧室,所以共需粉刷 平方英尺。
所以正确答案是 E。
The walls of one bedroom have area square feet. Subtracting the square feet of doorways and windows leaves square feet per bedroom.
With bedrooms, the total is square feet.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
2.
3.
一名大学生周末开小型车回家 英里,平均每加仑行驶 英里。返程时他开父母的 SUV,平均每加仑只行驶 英里。往返全程平均每加仑行驶多少英里?
A college student drove his compact car miles home for the weekend and averaged miles per gallon. On the return trip the student drove his parents’ SUV and averaged only miles per gallon. What was the average gas mileage, in miles per gallon, for the round trip?
小提示:
平均燃油效率是总距离除以总耗油量,不是两个数值的普通平均。
Average mileage is total distance divided by total gallons, not the average of the two rates
大提示:
先求两段路各用了多少加仑,再用 除以总加仑数。
Find the gallons used each way, then divide by their sum
解答:
回家用了 加仑,返程用了 加仑,共用 加仑,行驶 英里。
平均为 英里/加仑。
所以正确答案是 B。
The student used gallons driving home and gallons returning, for gallons over miles.
The average is miles per gallon.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
4.
点 是 外接圆的圆心,如图,,且 。 的度数是多少?
The point is the center of the circle circumscribed about with and as shown. What is the degree measure of
答案:D
小提示:
所有半径相等,所以三角形 都是等腰三角形。
Each radius is equal, so each of the triangles is isosceles
大提示:
,两部分都是等腰三角形的底角。
where each part is a base angle of an isosceles triangle
解答:
因为 ,三角形 和 都是等腰三角形。底角给出 ,。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since triangles and are isosceles. The base angles give and
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is D.
5.
在某个地方,所有 Arogs 都是 Brafs,所有 Crups 都是 Brafs,所有 Dramps 都是 Arogs,所有 Crups 都是 Dramps。以下哪一项由这些事实推出?
In a certain land, all Arogs are Brafs, all Crups are Brafs, all Dramps are Arogs, and all Crups are Dramps. Which of the following statements is implied by these facts?
所有 Dramps 都是 Brafs 且都是 Crups。
All Dramps are Brafs and are Crups.
所有 Brafs 都是 Crups 且都是 Dramps。
All Brafs are Crups and are Dramps.
所有 Arogs 都是 Crups 且都是 Dramps。
All Arogs are Crups and are Dramps.
所有 Crups 都是 Arogs 且都是 Brafs。
All Crups are Arogs and are Brafs.
所有 Arogs 都是 Dramps,且有些 Arogs 可能不是 Crups。
All Arogs are Dramps and some Arogs may not be Crups.
答案:D
小提示:
将每个事实写成类别之间的蕴含关系。
Write each fact as an implication between the categories
大提示:
沿着链 推理。
Follow the chain
解答:
将陈述写成蕴含关系:Crup 蕴含 Dramp,Dramp 蕴含 Arog,Arog 蕴含 Braf,即 。
所以每个 Crup 都是 Dramp、Arog 和 Braf;选项中唯一必然成立的是:所有 Crups 都是 Arogs 和 Brafs。
所以正确答案是 D。
Writing the statements as implications, being a Crup implies being a Dramp, a Dramp implies being an Arog, and an Arog implies being a Braf:
So every Crup is a Dramp, an Arog, and a Braf. The only listed statement guaranteed true is that all Crups are Arogs and Brafs.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
年 AMC 的计分规则为:每答对一题得 分,每答错一题得 分,每道未答题得 分。Sarah 看完 道题后决定尝试前 题,只留下最后 题不答。为了至少得到 分,她前 题中至少要答对多少题?
The AMC will be scored by awarding points for each correct response, points for each incorrect response, and points for each problem left unanswered. After looking over the problems, Sarah has decided to attempt the first and leave only the last unanswered. How many of the first problems must she solve correctly in order to score at least points?
小提示:
未答题也会贡献分数。
The unanswered problems still contribute points
大提示:
先减去 道空题的分数,再用剩下需要的分数除以 。
Subtract the points from the blanks, then divide the remaining needed points by
解答:
三道空题给 分,所以 Sarah 需要从前 题得到 分。
因为 介于 和 之间,她至少要答对 题,此时总分为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The three blank problems give points, so Sarah needs points from the first
Since lies between and she must answer at least correctly, which would give a score of
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
凸五边形 的所有边长相等,且 。 的度数是多少?
All sides of the convex pentagon are of equal length, and What is the degree measure of
小提示:
相邻两个直角和相等边长构成图形中的一个正方形部分。
Two right angles at adjacent vertices make part of the figure a square
大提示:
是正方形, 是等边三角形。
is a square and is equilateral
解答:
因为 且 ,四边形 是正方形,所以 。
余下的边满足 ,所以 是等边三角形,。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Because and quadrilateral is a square, so
The remaining sides satisfy so is equilateral and
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is E.
8.
在这场 AMC 编写会议结束返程时,竞赛主席注意到他的机场停车收据上的数字形如 ,其中 ,且 是 和 的平均数。有多少个不同的五位数满足所有这些性质?
On the trip home from the meeting where this AMC was constructed, the Contest Chair noted that his airport parking receipt had digits of the form where and was the average of and How many different five-digit numbers satisfy all these properties?
小提示:
条件 迫使 和 奇偶性相同。
The condition forces and to have the same parity
大提示:
分别在偶数数字和奇数数字中数出 的配对;每对都唯一确定 。
Count pairs among the even digits and among the odd digits; each pair fixes
解答:
一旦选定 和 , 就确定,且 自动成立。为了使 为整数, 和 必须同奇偶。
从 中选两个,有 对;从 中选两个,又有 对。
因此共有 个符合条件的五位数。
所以正确答案是 D。
Once and are chosen, is determined, and holds automatically. For to be an integer, and must share parity.
Choosing two even digits from gives pairs, and choosing two odd digits from gives another
This yields valid numbers.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
9.
一个密码编码规则如下:某个字母在给定消息中第一次出现时,替换成字母表中向右 位的字母(规定 A 在 Z 的右边一位)。同一个字母第二次出现时,替换成向右 位的字母;第三次出现时,替换成向右 位的字母;依此类推。
例如,用这种编码,单词“banana”变为“cbodqg”。在消息“Lee’s sis is a Mississippi miss, Chriss!”中,最后一个字母 s 会被替换成什么字母?
A cryptographic code is designed as follows. The first time a letter appears in a given message it is replaced by the letter that is place to its right in the alphabet (assuming that the letter A is one place to the right of the letter Z). The second time this same letter appears in the given message, it is replaced by the letter that is places to the right, the third time it is replaced by the letter that is places to the right, and so on. For example, with this code the word “banana” becomes “cbodqg”. What letter will replace the last letter s in the message
“Lee’s sis is a Mississippi miss, Chriss!”?
小提示:
数出整条消息中字母 s 出现了多少次。
Count how many times the letter s appears in the whole message
大提示:
总位移为 ,然后对 取余。
The total shift is then reduce that modulo
解答:
最后一个 s 是消息中字母 s 的第 次出现,所以它向右移动 位。
因为 是字母表长度 的倍数,所以移动后回到同一个字母 s。
所以正确答案是 D。
The final s is the th appearance of the letter s in the message, so it is shifted places to the right.
Since is a multiple of the alphabet length the shift returns to the same letter, s.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
10.
平面上有两点 和 。设 为平面上所有点 的集合,使得 的面积为 。下列哪一项描述了 ?
Two points and are in a plane. Let be the set of all points in the plane for which has area Which of the following describes
两条平行线
two parallel lines
一条抛物线
a parabola
一个圆
a circle
一条线段
a line segment
两个点
two points
小提示:
固定 为底;面积决定点 到底边的高。
Fix as the base; the area determines the height from
大提示:
到直线 距离固定的所有点位于两条平行线上。
All points at a fixed distance from line lie on two parallel lines
解答:
以 为底,面积为 ,其中 是 到直线 的距离。面积等于 当且仅当 。
到直线 距离固定的点形成两条平行于 的直线,分居两侧。
所以正确答案是 A。
Taking as the base, the area is where is the distance from to line The area equals exactly when
The points at this fixed distance from line form two lines parallel to one on each side.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
一个圆经过一个等腰三角形的三个顶点,该三角形两条边长为 ,底边长为 。这个圆的面积是多少?
A circle passes through the three vertices of an isosceles triangle that has two sides of length and a base of length What is the area of this circle?
答案:C
小提示:
使用外接圆半径公式 ,其中 是三角形面积。
Use the circumradius formula where is the triangle’s area
大提示:
三边为 、、;由底和高求面积,再计算 。
The sides are and find the area from the base and height, then compute
解答:
三角形边长为 、、。它的面积为 。
外接圆半径为 。
圆面积为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The triangle has sides and Its area is
The circumradius is
The area of the circle is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
Tom 的年龄为 岁,也等于他三个孩子年龄之和。 年前,他的年龄是当时三个孩子年龄之和的两倍。 是多少?
Tom’s age is years, which is also the sum of the ages of his three children. His age years ago was twice the sum of their ages then. What is
小提示:
用 和 表示 年前三个孩子的年龄和。
Express the children’s total age years ago in terms of and
大提示:
。
解答:
年前 Tom 的年龄为 ,三个孩子年龄之和为 。
条件给出 ,所以 ,化简为 。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 D。
years ago Tom’s age was and the sum of his three children’s ages was
The condition gives so which simplifies to
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is D.
13.
两个半径为 的圆分别以 和 为圆心。这两个圆内部交集的面积是多少?
Two circles of radius are centered at and at What is the area of the intersection of the interiors of the two circles?
小提示:
找出两个圆的交点。
Find the two points where the circles intersect
大提示:
交集的一半是一个四分之一圆减去一个直角边为 的等腰直角三角形。
Half the region is a quarter-circle minus an isosceles right triangle of leg
解答:
两个圆交于 和 。
由对称性,交集的一半是从一个圆的四分之一圆中去掉直角边为 的等腰直角三角形。四分之一圆面积为 ,三角形面积为 。
所以交集面积为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The two circles intersect at and
By symmetry, half the intersection is formed by removing an isosceles right triangle of leg length from a quarter of one circle. The quarter-circle has area and the triangle has area
Therefore the whole region has area
Thus, the correct answer is D.
14.
一些男生和女生正在洗车,为班级去中国旅行筹款。起初,小组中 是女生。不久后两名女生离开,两名男生加入,此时小组中 是女生。起初小组中有多少名女生?
Some boys and girls are having a car wash to raise money for a class trip to China. Initially of the group are girls. Shortly thereafter two girls leave and two boys arrive, and then of the group are girls. How many girls were initially in the group?
小提示:
两人离开、两人加入后,小组总人数不变。
The group size does not change when two leave and two arrive
大提示:
离开的两名女生代表全组的 。
The two departing girls represent of the group
解答:
两名女生离开,两名男生加入,所以小组总人数不变。离开的两名女生代表全组的 。
所以小组共有 人,起初女生人数是 人的 ,即 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Two girls leave and two boys arrive, so the group size is unchanged. The two girls who left therefore represent of the group.
Thus the group has people, and the original number of girls was of or
Thus, the correct answer is C.
15.
四边形 的角满足 。将 的度数四舍五入到最接近的整数,是多少?
The angles of quadrilateral satisfy What is the degree measure of rounded to the nearest whole number?
16.
一位老师给一个班考试,其中 的学生是低年级生, 是高年级生。考试平均分为 。低年级生都得了同一个分数,高年级生平均分为 。每个低年级生得了多少分?
A teacher gave a test to a class in which of the students are juniors and are seniors. The average score on the test was The juniors all received the same score, and the average score of the seniors was What score did each of the juniors receive on the test?
小提示:
取一个方便的班级人数,例如 名学生。
Take a convenient class size, such as students
大提示:
若有一名低年级生和九名高年级生,则 。
With one junior and nine seniors,
解答:
假设班上有 名学生:一名低年级生和九名高年级生。总分为 。
九名高年级生总分为 ,所以低年级生的分数为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Suppose the class has students: one junior and nine seniors. The total of all scores is
The nine seniors total so the junior’s score is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
点 在等边三角形 内部。点 , 和 分别是从 到 、 和 的垂足。已知 、、, 是多少?
Point is inside equilateral Points and are the feet of the perpendiculars from to and respectively. Given that and what is
小提示:
连接 与三个顶点,将 分成三个较小三角形。
Connect to the three vertices to split into three smaller triangles
大提示:
它们的面积为 ;令和等于 。
Their areas are ; set the sum equal to
解答:
设边长为 。从 作出的垂线是三角形 、、 的高,所以它们的面积分别为 、、。
面积和等于 的面积 ,因此 。
正解为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let the side length be The perpendiculars from are the heights of triangles and so their areas are and
Their sum equals the area of which is also Hence
The positive solution is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
如图,一个半径为 的圆被 个半径为 的圆围住。 是多少?
A circle of radius is surrounded by circles of radius as shown. What is
小提示:
连接四个外圆的圆心,形成一个正方形。
Connect the centers of the four outer circles to form a square
大提示:
这个正方形边长为 ,对角线为 。
The square has side and diagonal
解答:
连接四个外圆的圆心形成正方形。相邻外圆相切,所以每条边长为 。
正方形对角线经过中心圆的圆心,长度为 。边长为 的正方形对角线为 ,所以 。
展开得 ,即 。正根为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Connect the centers of the four outer circles to form a square. Adjacent outer circles are tangent, so each side has length
The diagonal of the square passes through the center of the central circle, giving length Since a square with side has diagonal we get
Expanding gives so The positive root is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
19.
如图所示的转盘旋转两次,指针指向的随机数字被记录。第一个数字除以 ,第二个数字除以 。第一个余数指定棋盘的一列,第二个余数指定一行。这个数对指定到阴影方格的概率是多少?
The wheel shown is spun twice, and the randomly determined numbers opposite the pointer are recorded. The first number is divided by and the second number is divided by The first remainder designates a column, and the second remainder designates a row on the checkerboard shown. What is the probability that the pair of numbers designates a shaded square?
小提示:
方格为阴影当且仅当两个余数奇偶性相同。
A square is shaded exactly when the two remainders have the same parity
大提示:
求每个余数为偶数的概率,再合并同为偶数和同为奇数两种情况。
Find the probability each remainder is even, then combine the both-even and both-odd cases
解答:
阴影方格对应两个余数同奇或同偶。第一个余数为偶数(来自数字 和 )的概率为 ,为奇数的概率为 。
第二个余数为偶数的概率为 ,为奇数的概率为 。
它们奇偶性相同的概率为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The shaded squares are those where the two remainders are both odd or both even. The first remainder is even (from the numbers and ) with probability and odd with probability
The second remainder is even with probability and odd with probability
The probability that they share parity is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
20.
个正方形方块排成一个 的正方形。从中选出 个方块,且任意两个不在同一行或同一列,有多少种不同选择?
A set of square blocks is arranged into a square. How many different combinations of blocks can be selected from that set so that no two are in the same row or column?
小提示:
先选择使用哪 行和哪 列。
Choose which rows and which columns are used
大提示:
选好 行和 列后,方块对应这些行和列之间的一个匹配。
After picking rows and columns, the blocks correspond to a matching between them
解答:
选择 行中的 行有 种,选择 列中的 列也有 种。
三个选出的方块必须占据不同的行和列,所以它们是在三行与三列之间建立一个匹配,共有 种。
总数为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Choose of the rows in ways and of the columns in ways.
The three chosen blocks must occupy distinct rows and columns, so they form a matching between the three rows and three columns, which can be done in ways.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
21.
直角三角形 中,、、。正方形 内接于 ,其中 和 在 上, 在 上, 在 上。正方形的边长是多少?
Right has and Square is inscribed in with and on on and on What is the side length of the square?
小提示:
求从 到斜边 的高。
Find the altitude from to the hypotenuse
大提示:
利用整个三角形与正方形上方小三角形的相似关系。
Use the similarity between the whole triangle and the small triangle above the square
解答:
设正方形边长为 ,从 到 的高为 。则 。
正方形上方的小三角形与 相似,并以正方形上边为底,因此 ,所以 。
代入可得 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let be the side of the square and the altitude from to Then
The small triangle above the square is similar to with the square’s top side as its base, giving so
Substituting,
Thus, the correct answer is B.
22.
玩家从 到 中选择一个数字。选好后,掷两个普通四面骰,每个骰子的面标有 到 。如果选中的数字恰好出现在一个骰子的底面,玩家赢得 ;如果它出现在两个骰子的底面,玩家赢得 ;如果它没有出现在任何骰子的底面,玩家损失 。每次掷骰玩家的期望收益是多少美元?
A player chooses one of the numbers through After the choice has been made, two regular four-sided (tetrahedral) dice are rolled, with the sides of the dice numbered through If the number chosen appears on the bottom of exactly one die after it is rolled, then the player wins If the number chosen appears on the bottom of both of the dice, then the player wins If the number chosen does not appear on the bottom of either of the dice, the player loses What is the expected return to the player, in dollars, for one roll of the dice?
小提示:
每个骰子底面独立地出现所选数字的概率为 。
Each die independently shows the chosen number on the bottom with probability
大提示:
分别用收益 、、 乘以出现 、、 次的概率。
Weight the payoffs and by the probabilities of and matches
解答:
每个骰子底面出现所选数字的概率为 。所以该数字出现 、、 次的概率分别为 。
期望收益为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Each die shows the chosen number on the bottom with probability So the number appears or times with probabilities
The expected return is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
一个底面为正方形的棱锥被一个平行于底面、且距底面 个单位的平面切开。切下来的上方小棱锥的表面积是原棱锥表面积的一半。原棱锥的高是多少?
A pyramid with a square base is cut by a plane that is parallel to its base and is units from the base. The surface area of the smaller pyramid that is cut from the top is half the surface area of the original pyramid. What is the altitude of the original pyramid?
答案:E
小提示:
小棱锥与原棱锥相似。
The smaller pyramid is similar to the original
大提示:
表面积之比是高之比的平方,所以 。
The ratio of surface areas is the square of the ratio of altitudes, so
解答:
设原棱锥高为 ,小棱锥高为 。
两个棱锥相似,所以表面积之比等于高之比的平方。小棱锥表面积为原来的一半,因此 ,从而 。
于是 ,所以 ,。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let be the altitude of the original pyramid; the smaller pyramid has altitude The two pyramids are similar, so the ratio of their surface areas is the square of the ratio of their altitudes.
The smaller surface area is half the original, so giving
Then so and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
24.
令 表示最小的正整数,它能同时被 和 整除,且 进制表示只由数字 和 组成,并且两种数字至少各出现一次。 的最后四位数字是什么?
Let denote the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both and and whose base- representation consists of only ’s and ’s, with at least one of each. What are the last four digits of
小提示:
被 整除限制数字和;被 整除限制最后两位。
Divisibility by constrains the digit sum; divisibility by constrains the last two digits
大提示:
数字和迫使至少有九个 ,且最后两位必须都是 。
The digit sum forces at least nine ’s, and the last two digits must both be
解答:
因为 能被 整除,其数字和是 的倍数。若四这个数字出现 次,九这个数字出现 次,则数字和为 ,所以 能被 整除,迫使 也能被 整除。因此 ,并且至少有一个 ,这个数至少有十位。
要被 整除,最后两位必须组成 的倍数。在 、、、 中,只有 可行,所以 以 结尾。
最小的这样十位数把唯一的 放在最低的可用数位上,得到 ,最后四位是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since is divisible by its digit sum is a multiple of With fours and nines, the digit sum is so is divisible by forcing to be divisible by Thus and with at least one the number has at least ten digits.
For divisibility by the last two digits must form a multiple of and among and only works, so ends in
The smallest such ten-digit number places the single in the lowest available position, giving Its last four digits are
Thus, the correct answer is C.
25.
有多少对正整数 满足: 和 没有大于 的公因数,并且
是整数?
How many pairs of positive integers are there such that and have no common factors greater than and
is an integer?
无穷多
infinitely many
小提示:
合并成一个分式 ,并使用 。
Combine into the single fraction and use
大提示:
推出 能被 整除,且 能被 整除,再测试有限个数对。
Deduce that is divisible by and is divisible by then test the finitely many pairs
解答:
合并后,表达式为 。若它是整数,则 必须整除 ,因此 能被 整除。由于 ,得 能被 整除。同理 能被 整除,所以 能被 整除。
所以 ,。检查这些情况,只有 时对每个允许的 都得到整数。
有效数对为 、、、,共 对。
所以正确答案是 A。
Combining, the expression is For this to be an integer, must divide hence is divisible by Since we get that is divisible by Similarly, is divisible by so is divisible by
So and Checking these, only makes the expression an integer for each allowed
The valid pairs are and for a total of
Thus, the correct answer is A.