2009 AIME II 第 9 题

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9.

mm 为方程 4x+3y+2z=20094x + 3y + 2z = 2009 的正整数解个数,令 nn 为方程 4x+3y+2z=20004x + 3y + 2z = 2000 的正整数解个数。求 mnm - n 除以 10001000 的余数。

Let mm be the number of solutions in positive integers to the equation 4x+3y+2z=2009,4x + 3y + 2z = 2009, and let nn be the number of solutions in positive integers to the equation 4x+3y+2z=2000.4x + 3y + 2z = 2000. Find the remainder when mnm - n is divided by 1000.1000.

答案:0
知识点:丢番图方程双射容斥原理
难度评级:2840
解答:

(x,y,z)(x, y, z)4x+3y+2z=20094x + 3y + 2z = 2009 的正整数解,则 (x1,y1,z1)(x - 1, y - 1, z - 1)4x+3y+2z=20004x + 3y + 2z = 2000 的非负整数解,反之亦然,因为 4+3+2=94 + 3 + 2 = 9。 因此 mm 等于 4x+3y+2z=20004x + 3y + 2z = 2000 的非负整数解个数,而 mnm - n 统计该方程中至少有一个变量为 00 的非负整数解。

x=0x = 0,则 3y+2z=20003y + 2z = 2000,这要求 yy 为偶数,且 0y6660 \le y \le 666,得 334334 个解。若 y=0y = 0,则 2x+z=10002x + z = 1000,其中 0x5000 \le x \le 500,得 501501 个解。若 z=0z = 0,则 4x+3y=20004x + 3y = 2000,这要求 y0(mod4)y \equiv 0 \pmod 4,且 0y6640 \le y \le 664,得 167167 个解。解 (0,0,1000)(0, 0, 1000)(500,0,0)(500, 0, 0) 各被重复计数一次,所以 mn=334+501+1672=1000. \begin{aligned} m - n &= 334 + 501 + 167 - 2 \\ &= 1000. \end{aligned}

除以 10001000 的余数为 00

If (x,y,z)(x, y, z) is a positive solution of 4x+3y+2z=2009,4x + 3y + 2z = 2009, then (x1,y1,z1)(x - 1, y - 1, z - 1) is a nonnegative solution of 4x+3y+2z=2000,4x + 3y + 2z = 2000, and conversely, since 4+3+2=9.4 + 3 + 2 = 9. So mm equals the number of nonnegative solutions of 4x+3y+2z=2000,4x + 3y + 2z = 2000, and mnm - n counts the nonnegative solutions of that equation in which at least one variable is 0.0.

If x=0:x = 0: 3y+2z=20003y + 2z = 2000 forces yy even, 0y666,0 \le y \le 666, giving 334334 solutions. If y=0:y = 0: 2x+z=10002x + z = 1000 with 0x5000 \le x \le 500 gives 501.501. If z=0:z = 0: 4x+3y=20004x + 3y = 2000 forces y0(mod4),y \equiv 0 \pmod 4, 0y664,0 \le y \le 664, giving 167.167. The solutions (0,0,1000)(0, 0, 1000) and (500,0,0)(500, 0, 0) are each counted twice, so mn=334+501+1672=1000. \begin{aligned} m - n &= 334 + 501 + 167 - 2 \\ &= 1000. \end{aligned}

The remainder upon division by 10001000 is 0.0.

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