2003 AIME I 第 9 题

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9.

一个从 1000100099999999(含两端)的整数,如果它最左边两个数字之和等于最右边两个数字之和,就称为平衡数。有多少个平衡整数?

An integer between 10001000 and 9999,9999, inclusive, is called balanced if the sum of its two leftmost digits equals the sum of its two rightmost digits. How many balanced integers are there?

答案:615
知识点:数字分类讨论前n项平方和
难度评级:2430
解答:

按每对数字的共同和 ss 分组,其中 1s181 \le s \le 18。当 s9s \le 9 时,最左两位(第一位至少为 11)可用 ss 种方式形成,最右两位可用 s+1s + 1 种方式形成。当 s10s \ge 10 时,每个数位都至少为 s9s - 9,因此每个数位对都有 19s19 - s 种方式。

总数为 s=19s(s+1)+s=1018(19s)2=s=19(s2+s)+k=19k2=2285+45=615. \begin{aligned} &\sum_{s=1}^{9} s(s+1) + \sum_{s=10}^{18} (19 - s)^2 \\ &= \sum_{s=1}^{9} (s^2 + s) + \sum_{k=1}^{9} k^2 \\ &= 2 \cdot 285 + 45 = 615. \end{aligned}

Group the balanced integers by the common sum ss of each digit pair, where 1s18.1 \le s \le 18. For s9,s \le 9, the leftmost pair (first digit at least 11) can be formed in ss ways and the rightmost pair in s+1s + 1 ways. For s10,s \ge 10, both digits of each pair must be at least s9,s - 9, giving 19s19 - s ways for each pair.

The total count is s=19s(s+1)+s=1018(19s)2=s=19(s2+s)+k=19k2=2285+45=615. \begin{aligned} &\sum_{s=1}^{9} s(s+1) + \sum_{s=10}^{18} (19 - s)^2 \\ &= \sum_{s=1}^{9} (s^2 + s) + \sum_{k=1}^{9} k^2 \\ &= 2 \cdot 285 + 45 = 615. \end{aligned}

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