2013 AMC 10B 第 24 题

先试着解答 2013 AMC 10B 第 24 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2013 AMC 10B 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

24.

若存在一个正整数 mm,它恰好有四个正因数(包括 11mm),且这四个因数之和等于正整数 nn,则称 nn 为“好数”。集合 中有多少个好数? {2010,2011,2012,,2019}\{ 2010,2011,2012,\dotsc,2019 \}

A positive integer nn is "nice" if there is a positive integer mm with exactly four positive divisors (including 11 and mm) such that the sum of the four divisors is equal to n.n. How many numbers in the set {2010,2011,2012,,2019}\{ 2010,2011,2012,\dotsc,2019 \} are nice?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:A
知识点:因数之和质数分类讨论
难度评级:2180
解答:

恰好有四个正因数的数是 p3p^3pqpq,其中 ppqq 是不同素数。

m=p3m=p^3,因数和为 1+p+p2+p31+p+p^2+p^3p=11p=11p=13p=13 的对应值分别低于 20102010 和高于 20192019,所以这种情况没有解。

m=pqm=pq,因数和为 1+p+q+pq=(p+1)(q+1)1+p+q+pq=(p+1)(q+1)。若其中一个素数为 22,和可被 33 整除;候选只有 2010201020162016,但 2010/31=6692010/3-1=6692016/31=6712016/3-1=671 都不是质数。

若两个素数都是奇数,和可被 44 整除,候选为 20122012201620162012=45032012=4\cdot503 会给出 33502502,不可行;而 2016=45042016=4\cdot504 =(3+1)(503+1)=(3+1)(503+1) 可行。

所以正确答案是 A

An integer with exactly four positive divisors is either p3p^3 or pqpq, where pp and qq are distinct primes.

If m=p3m=p^3, the divisor sum is 1+p+p2+p31+p+p^2+p^3. The values for p=11p=11 and p=13p=13 fall below and above the interval 20102010 to 20192019, so this case gives none.

In the m=pqm=pq case, the divisor sum is 1+p+q+pq=(p+1)(q+1)1+p+q+pq=(p+1)(q+1). If one prime is 22, the sum is divisible by 33; only 20102010 and 20162016 qualify, but 2010/31=6692010/3-1=669 and 2016/31=6712016/3-1=671 are not prime.

If both primes are odd, then the sum is divisible by 44, leaving 20122012 and 20162016. The factorization 2012=45032012=4\cdot503 would give primes 33 and 502502, impossible, while 2016=45042016=4\cdot504 =(3+1)(503+1)=(3+1)(503+1) works.

Thus exactly one number is nice, and the correct answer is A .

← 第 23 题#23
完整试卷

其他年份的第 24 题