2001 AIME I 第 9 题

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9.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=13AB = 13BC=15BC = 15CA=17CA = 17DDAB\overline{AB} 上,点 EEBC\overline{BC} 上,点 FFCA\overline{CA} 上。令 AD=pABAD = p \cdot ABBE=qBCBE = q \cdot BCCF=rCACF = r \cdot CA,其中 ppqqrr 为正数,且满足 p+q+r=23p + q + r = \frac{2}{3}p2+q2+r2=25p^2 + q^2 + r^2 = \frac{2}{5} 三角形 DEFDEF 与三角形 ABCABC 的面积比可写成 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

In triangle ABC,ABC, AB=13,AB = 13, BC=15,BC = 15, and CA=17.CA = 17. Point DD is on AB,\overline{AB}, EE is on BC,\overline{BC}, and FF is on CA.\overline{CA}. Let AD=pAB,AD = p \cdot AB, BE=qBC,BE = q \cdot BC, and CF=rCA,CF = r \cdot CA, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive and satisfy p+q+r=23p + q + r = \frac{2}{3} and p2+q2+r2=25.p^2 + q^2 + r^2 = \frac{2}{5}. The ratio of the area of triangle DEFDEF to the area of triangle ABCABC can be written in the form mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:61
知识点:面积比对称性(代数)代数变形
难度评级:2560
解答:

每个角上的小三角形面积都是对应边长比例的乘积: [ADF]=p(1r)[ABC][ADF] = p(1-r)[ABC][BED]=q(1p)[ABC][BED] = q(1-p)[ABC][CFE]=r(1q)[ABC][CFE] = r(1-q)[ABC]。这里使用的是共用角下的 12xysinθ\frac{1}{2}xy\sin\theta 面积公式。相减得 [DEF][ABC]=1p(1r)q(1p)r(1q)=1(p+q+r)+(pq+qr+rp). \begin{aligned} \frac{[DEF]}{[ABC]} &= 1 - p(1-r) \\ &\quad {}- q(1-p) - r(1-q) \\ &= 1 - (p+q+r) \\ &\quad {}+ (pq+qr+rp). \end{aligned}

由题给条件, pq+qr+rp=(2/3)22/52pq + qr + rp = \frac{(2/3)^2 - 2/5}{2} =4/92/52= \frac{4/9 - 2/5}{2} =145= \frac{1}{45}

因此面积比为 123+145=16451 - \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{45} = \frac{16}{45},所以 m+n=16+45=61m + n = 16 + 45 = 61

Each corner triangle's area is a product of side fractions: [ADF]=p(1r)[ABC],[ADF] = p(1-r)[ABC], [BED]=q(1p)[ABC],[BED] = q(1-p)[ABC], and [CFE]=r(1q)[ABC],[CFE] = r(1-q)[ABC], using the formula 12xysinθ\frac{1}{2}xy\sin\theta on the shared angles. Subtracting, [DEF][ABC]=1p(1r)q(1p)r(1q)=1(p+q+r)+(pq+qr+rp). \begin{aligned} \frac{[DEF]}{[ABC]} &= 1 - p(1-r) \\ &\quad {}- q(1-p) - r(1-q) \\ &= 1 - (p+q+r) \\ &\quad {}+ (pq+qr+rp). \end{aligned}

From the given values, pq+qr+rp=(2/3)22/52pq + qr + rp = \frac{(2/3)^2 - 2/5}{2} =4/92/52= \frac{4/9 - 2/5}{2} =145.= \frac{1}{45}.

Therefore the ratio is 123+145=1645,1 - \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{45} = \frac{16}{45}, and m+n=16+45=61.m + n = 16 + 45 = 61.

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