1985 AIME 第 6 题

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6.

如图所示,从三角形 ABCABC 的各顶点作经过同一内部点的直线,将它分成六个小三角形。其中四个三角形的面积已标在图中。求三角形 ABCABC 的面积。

As shown in the figure, triangle ABCABC is divided into six smaller triangles by lines drawn from the vertices through a common interior point. The areas of four of these triangles are as indicated. Find the area of triangle ABC.ABC.

答案:315
知识点:三角形面积面积比塞瓦定理
难度评级:2440
小提示:

将右上方未标出的面积记为 xx,将左上方未标出的面积记为 yy

Call the upper-right unlabeled area xx and the upper-left unlabeled area yy

大提示:

结合等高三角形的面积比与塞瓦定理

Use equal-altitude area ratios along the sides, together with Ceva’s theorem

解答:

将右上方和左上方两个未标出的面积分别记为 xxyy。由三个分边比和塞瓦定理可得 4335x84y=1 \frac43\cdot\frac{35}{x}\cdot\frac{84}{y}=1\text{,}所以 xy=3920xy=3920

AA 引出的塞瓦线与 BCBC 相交。BCBC 上两段的长度比为 35x\frac{35}{x}。利用以 AA 为共同顶点的两个大三角形计算同一个比值,得到 35x=40+30+35x+y+84 \frac{35}{x}=\frac{40+30+35}{x+y+84}\text{,}因而 y+84=2xy+84=2x。与 xy=3920xy=3920 联立求解,得 x=70x=70,且 y=56y=56。因此 [ABC]=84+70+35+30+40+56=315 \begin{aligned} [ABC]&=84+70+35\\ &\quad{}+30+40+56=315 \end{aligned}\text{。}

Let the unlabeled upper-right and upper-left areas be xx and y,y, respectively. The three side-division ratios and Ceva’s theorem give 4335x84y=1, \frac43\cdot\frac{35}{x}\cdot\frac{84}{y}=1, so xy=3920.xy=3920.

The cevian from AA meets BC.BC. The ratio of the two segments of BCBC is 35x.\frac{35}{x}. Computing the same ratio from the two large triangles with vertex AA gives 35x=40+30+35x+y+84, \frac{35}{x}=\frac{40+30+35}{x+y+84}, so y+84=2x.y+84=2x. Solving with xy=3920xy=3920 yields x=70x=70 and y=56.y=56. Therefore [ABC]=84+70+35+30+40+56=315. \begin{aligned} [ABC]&=84+70+35\\ &\quad{}+30+40+56=315. \end{aligned}

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