2024 AMC 10B Problem 19

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 19 of the 2024 AMC 10B, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2024 AMC 10B solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:lattice pointslopecasework

Difficulty rating: 1910

19.

In the following table, each question mark is to be replaced by "Possible" or "Not Possible" to indicate whether a nonvertical line with the given slope can contain the given number of lattice points (points both of whose coordinates are integers). How many of the 1212 entries will be "Possible"?

44

55

66

77

99

Solution:

Any two lattice points give a rational slope. So a line with irrational slope holds at most one lattice point: it can have 00 (say y=2x+12y = \sqrt2\,x + \tfrac12) or exactly 11 (say y=2xy = \sqrt2\,x), never two. A line with rational slope (zero included) through a lattice point (x0,y0)(x_0, y_0) also passes through (x0+q,y0+p)(x_0 + q, y_0 + p) for its reduced slope pq,\tfrac{p}{q}, so it hits infinitely many; such a line has either 00 lattice points (shift it by an irrational intercept) or more than two, never exactly one or two. So each row gives exactly two "Possible" entries. For zero and nonzero rational slope those are the "zero" and "more than two" columns; for irrational slope, the "zero" and "exactly one" columns. That's 66 in all. Thus, C is the correct answer.

Problem 19 in Other Years