2022 AMC 10A 第 19 题

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19.

LnL_n 表示 112233\ldotsnn 这些数的最小公倍数,并设 hh 为唯一的正整数,使得 11+12+13++117=hL17\dfrac{1}{1} + \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} + \cdots + \dfrac{1}{17} = \dfrac{h}{L_{17}}hh 除以 1717 的余数。

Let LnL_n denote the least common multiple of the numbers 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, ,\ldots, n,n, and let hh be the unique positive integer such that 11+12+13++117=hL17\dfrac{1}{1} + \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} + \cdots + \dfrac{1}{17} = \dfrac{h}{L_{17}} What is the remainder when hh is divided by 17?17?

11

33

55

77

99

答案:C
知识点:模运算最小公倍数质因数分解
难度评级:2150
小提示:

先乘以最小公倍数,再在模 1717 下计算

Work modulo 1717 after multiplying by the least common multiple

大提示:

1717 时,除了来自 117\frac{1}{17} 的项之外,其余各项都为零

All terms except the one from 117\frac{1}{17} vanish modulo 1717

解答:

将调和和乘以 L17L_{17},得到 h=i=117L17ih=\sum_{i=1}^{17}\frac{L_{17}}{i}

1i161\le i\le16,项 L17i\frac{L_{17}}{i} 仍能被 1717 整除,所以这些项贡献 0(mod17)0\pmod{17}

因此 hL1717(mod17)h\equiv \frac{L_{17}}{17}\pmod{17}。最小公倍数 L17L_{17} 含有素数幂因子 16,9,5,7,11,13,1716,9,5,7,11,13,17,所以 L1717169571113(mod17) \begin{aligned} \frac{L_{17}}{17} &\equiv 16\cdot9\cdot5\cdot7\cdot11\cdot13 \\ &\pmod{17} \end{aligned}\text{。}

1717 化简后,这就是 (1)9571113(-1)\cdot9\cdot5\cdot7\cdot11\cdot13 5(mod17)\equiv5\pmod{17}

所以正确答案是 C

Multiplying the harmonic sum by L17,L_{17}, we get h=i=117L17i.h=\sum_{i=1}^{17}\frac{L_{17}}{i}.

For 1i16,1\le i\le16, the term L17i\frac{L_{17}}{i} is still divisible by 17,17, so these terms contribute 0(mod17).0\pmod{17}.

Thus hL1717(mod17).h\equiv \frac{L_{17}}{17}\pmod{17}. The least common multiple L17L_{17} contains the prime-power factors 16,9,5,7,11,13,17,16,9,5,7,11,13,17, so L1717169571113(mod17). \begin{aligned} \frac{L_{17}}{17} &\equiv 16\cdot9\cdot5\cdot7\cdot11\cdot13 \\ &\pmod{17}. \end{aligned}

Reducing modulo 17,17, this is (1)9571113(-1)\cdot9\cdot5\cdot7\cdot11\cdot13 5(mod17).\equiv5\pmod{17}.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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