2014 AMC 10A 第 19 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

19.

边长分别为 11223344 的四个立方体如图堆叠。线段 XY\overline{XY} 位于边长为 33 的立方体内部的部分有多长?

Four cubes with edge lengths 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 44 are stacked as shown. What is the length of the portion of XY\overline{XY} contained in the cube with edge length 3?3?

3335\dfrac{3\sqrt{33}}5

232\sqrt3

2333\dfrac{2\sqrt{33}}3

44

323\sqrt2

答案:A
知识点:立体几何距离公式相似
难度评级:1790
小提示:

整条线段 XYXY 的竖直变化为 1010

The whole segment XYXY has vertical change 1010

大提示:

在线段中位于边长 33 立方体内的部分,与整条线段的比例等于对应竖直变化的比例。

The part inside the side-33 cube is the same fraction of the full segment as its vertical change

解答:

XXYYzz 轴方向距离为 1+2+3+4=10 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10\text{。}

沿 xx 轴和 yy 轴方向的距离都为 44

因此线段全长为 XY=42+42+102=233 XY = \sqrt{4^2 + 4^2 + 10^2} = 2\sqrt{33}\text{。}

取坐标 X=(0,0,10)X=(0,0,10)Y=(4,4,0)Y=(4,4,0)。直线与边长为 33 的立方体的上、下表面分别交于 (65,65,7)(\frac65,\frac65,7)(125,125,4)(\frac{12}5,\frac{12}5,4)。两点都在相应的正方形面内,所以线段位于这个立方体内部的部分确实有 33 的竖直变化量。

设所求长度为 xx。由相似三角形可得 x3=23310 \dfrac{x}{3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt{33}}{10} x=3335 x = \dfrac{3\sqrt{33}}{5}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

The distance between XX and YY with respect to the zz-axis is 1+2+3+4=10. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10.

Both the distances along the xx and yy-axes are 4.4.

Then XY=42+42+102=233. XY = \sqrt{4^2 + 4^2 + 10^2} = 2\sqrt{33}.

Using coordinates X=(0,0,10)X=(0,0,10) and Y=(4,4,0)Y=(4,4,0), the line meets the top and bottom of the side-33 cube at (65,65,7)(\frac65,\frac65,7) and (125,125,4)(\frac{12}5,\frac{12}5,4). Both points lie inside those square faces, so the portion inside this cube really does have vertical change 33.

Let the desired length be x.x. Then using similar triangles, we have that x3=23310 \dfrac{x}{3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt{33}}{10} x=3335. x = \dfrac{3\sqrt{33}}{5}.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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