2024 AMC 10A 第 19 题

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19.

一个等比数列的前三项是整数 aa720720bb,且 a<720<ba \lt 720 \lt bbb 的最小可能值的各位数字之和是多少?

The first three terms of a geometric sequence are the integers a,a, 720,720, and b,b, where a<720<b.a \lt 720 \lt b. What is the sum of the digits of the least possible value of b?b?

99

1212

1616

1818

2121

答案:E
知识点:等比数列整除性最优化
难度评级:1910
小提示:

7202=ab720^2 = ab 可知公比是有理数;将其最简写成 pq\tfrac{p}{q},其中 p>qp \gt q

7202=ab,720^2 = ab, so the common ratio is rational; write it as pq\tfrac{p}{q} in lowest terms with p>qp \gt q

大提示:

ppqq 都必须整除 720720;用最小的 pq>1\tfrac{p}{q} \gt 1 使 b=720pqb = 720 \cdot \tfrac{p}{q} 最小。

Both pp and qq must divide 720;720; minimize b=720pqb = 720 \cdot \tfrac{p}{q} using the smallest ratio pq>1\tfrac{p}{q} \gt 1

解答:

因为 7202=ab720^2 = ab,公比 r=720a=b720r = \tfrac{720}{a} = \tfrac{b}{720} 是有理数。设 r=pqr = \tfrac{p}{q} 为最简分数,且 p>qp \gt q。则 a=720qpa = \tfrac{720q}{p}b=720pqb = \tfrac{720p}{q} 都为整数,所以 720720 能被 pp 整除,也能被 qq 整除。为了使 bb 最小,需要选择使 720720 同时能被 ppqq 整除的最小比值 pq>1\tfrac{p}{q} \gt 1,即 1615\tfrac{16}{15}。因此 b=7201615=768b = 720 \cdot \tfrac{16}{15} = 768a=675a = 675,各位数字之和为 7+6+8=217 + 6 + 8 = 21,正确答案是 E

Since 7202=ab,720^2 = ab, the common ratio r=720a=b720r = \tfrac{720}{a} = \tfrac{b}{720} is rational. Write r=pqr = \tfrac{p}{q} in lowest terms with p>q.p \gt q. Then a=720qpa = \tfrac{720q}{p} and b=720pqb = \tfrac{720p}{q} are integers, which forces 720720 to be divisible by pp and by q.q. To make bb smallest, we want the smallest ratio pq>1\tfrac{p}{q} \gt 1 with 720720 divisible by both pp and q,q, which is 1615.\tfrac{16}{15}. That gives b=7201615=768b = 720 \cdot \tfrac{16}{15} = 768 (and a=675a = 675). The digit sum is 7+6+8=21.7 + 6 + 8 = 21. Thus, E is the correct answer.

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