2024 AMC 10A 第 18 题

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18.

恰有 KK 个正整数 bb 满足 5b20245 \le b \le 2024,使得 bb 进制整数 2024b2024_b 能被 1616 整除(这里的 1616 用十进制表示)。求 KK 的各位数字之和。

There are exactly KK positive integers bb with 5b20245 \le b \le 2024 such that the base-bb integer 2024b2024_b is divisible by 1616 (where 1616 is in base ten). What is the sum of the digits of K?K?

1616

1717

1818

2020

2121

答案:D
知识点:进制模运算区间内整数计数
难度评级:1840
小提示:

2024b=2b3+2b+42024_b = 2b^3 + 2b + 4;要被 1616 整除,需要 b3+b+2b^3 + b + 2 能被 88 整除。

2024b=2b3+2b+4;2024_b = 2b^3 + 2b + 4; dividing by 1616 requires b3+b+2b^3 + b + 2 to be divisible by 88

大提示:

检查 bmod8b \bmod 8;余数 3,6,73, 6, 7 可行,再统计区间 [5,2024][5, 2024] 中这些 bb

Check bmod8;b \bmod 8; the residues 3,6,73, 6, 7 work, so count those bb in [5,2024][5, 2024]

解答:

bb 进制中,2024b=2b3+2b+42024_b = 2b^3 + 2b + 4 =2(b3+b+2)= 2(b^3 + b + 2),因此 2024b2024_b 能被 1616 整除,当且仅当 b3+b+2b^3 + b + 2 能被 88 整除。检查 bb88 的余数,可知恰当余数为 b3,6,7(mod8)b \equiv 3, 6, 7 \pmod 8。统计 5b20245 \le b \le 2024 中这三类数,得 K=758K = 758,其各位数字之和为 7+5+8=207 + 5 + 8 = 20,正确答案是 D

In base b,b, 2024b=2b3+2b+42024_b = 2b^3 + 2b + 4 =2(b3+b+2),= 2(b^3 + b + 2), so 2024b2024_b is divisible by 1616 exactly when b3+b+2b^3 + b + 2 is divisible by 8.8. Test the residues modulo 8:8: this holds precisely for b3,6,7(mod8).b \equiv 3, 6, 7 \pmod 8. Counting the bb with 5b20245 \le b \le 2024 in those three classes gives K=758,K = 758, whose digit sum is 7+5+8=20.7 + 5 + 8 = 20. Therefore, the answer is D.

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